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VMED 161: Equine Med > Common Neonatal Problems > Flashcards

Common Neonatal Problems Flashcards

1
Q

A blood disorder that occurs when the foal’s immune system attacks its own red blood cells.

A

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis (NI)

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2
Q

Foals are prone to infections of the umbilical stump, which can cause swelling, redness, and discharge.

A

Umbilical infections

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3
Q

Foals can develop this due to various causes, such as infection, poor diet, or stress.

A

Diarrhea

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4
Q

Foals can develop this due to bacteria, viruses, or other agents.

A

Respiratory infections

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5
Q

A condition that affects the joints of young foals, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness

A

Joint ill

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6
Q

Some foals may be born with _____, such as heart defects, limb abnormalities, or developmental problems.

A

Congenital defects

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7
Q

Foals may be born weak, which can be due to various causes, including poor nutrition, disease, or genetics.

A

Weak foal syndrome

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8
Q

A common digestive problem in horses of all ages, including foals, that can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and other symptoms.

A

Colic

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9
Q

Neonatal diseases usually starts with ____

A

depression

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10
Q

T/F: Room air >100% oxygen is ideal

A

F. not recommended

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11
Q

100% oxygen leads to _____

A

metabolic problems

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12
Q

Example of drugs which increases inotropic effects; thus increasing cardiac contractility

A

epinephrine, dopamine

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13
Q

example of a respiratory stimulant

A

caffeine

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14
Q

Many neonatal problems originate _____

A

in utero

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15
Q

primary stimulant for initiation of parturition

A

Cortisol

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16
Q

premature foals are usually ____ days

A

< 320

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17
Q

term used if born at the correct date, but not fully developed

A

dysmature

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18
Q

term used if the foal is retained too long in utero

A

postmature

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19
Q

T/F: it is ideal to feed mares fescue pastures (Epichloe coenophiala; Neotyphodium coenophialum)

A

F. May cause dysmature foals

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20
Q

T/F: It is ideal for foals to have thin silky hair coat and thick placenta

A

F. these are signs of prematurity

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21
Q

what is the normal vulval conformation?

A

vertical

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22
Q

a condition where the upper part of the vulva is tilted

A

pneumovagina

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23
Q

8 drugs used for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Foals

A

Low dose Epinephrine,
High dose Epinephrine,
Lidocaine,
Bretylium,
Atropine,
Calcium chloride (CaCl),
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3),
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)

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24
Q

fungus infecting the grass that causes abortion

A

Acremonium coenophialum

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25
Q

fescue poisoning may lead to

A

dysmature foals

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26
Q

T/F: The placenta should not be more than 10% of the
weight of the foal

A

F. 20%

27
Q

possible cause if the placenta is more than 20% of the weight of the foal

A

inflammatory reaction or infection (Due to inflammatory cells infiltrating the placenta)

28
Q

T/F: cause of respiratory failure is usually surfactant deficiency

A

F. not usually

29
Q

T/F: during respiratory failure, death usually occurs within 24 hours

A

F. 48 hours

30
Q

T/F: It is suggested to consume colostrum within 1 hour after birth

A

F. 30 mins. after birth

31
Q

T/F: maximum absorption of colostrum happens within the first 48 hours

A

F. first 12 hours

32
Q

pinocytosis (i.e., cellular drinking) of antibodies

A

Fetal enterocytes

33
Q

T/F: in managing Neonatal Maladjustment
Syndrome, the IV fluid must be hypotonic to prevent causing any metabolic problems; replace lost electrolytes

A

F. isotonic

34
Q

T/F: in the management of Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome, 100% O2 is given nasally

A

T

35
Q

T/F: Neomycin is hepatotoxic, and must never be used in managing Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome

A

F. Nephrotoxic (monitor kidney function); May be used since it is broadspectrum

36
Q

T/F: Severe symptoms of dummy foals include nursing inanimate objects (e.g., walls)

A

F. considered a mild symptom only

37
Q

other terms for Dummy Foal Syndrome (3 answers)

A

Neonatal Maladjustment Syndrome (NMS),
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE),
Neonatal encephalopathy

38
Q

T/F: ~85% could recover from dummy foal syndrome without extensive medical
treatment

A

F. ~70%

39
Q

a neurosteroid secreted by the foal

A

allopregnanolone

40
Q

T/F: neonatal Maladjustment syndrome is usually seen more in natural births

A

F. in CS and very rapid deliveries

41
Q

a neurologic sign that is pathognomonic of NMS

A

loss of suckling reflex

42
Q

T/F: in NMS, it is normal to find (laboratory radiography) a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung

A

T. also termed as Atelectasis

43
Q

Lack of colostral intake makes foal susceptible to _________ (2 words)

A

neonatal septicemia

44
Q

an example of Anti-inflammatory drug used for the Tx of Dummy Foal Syndrome

A

Banamine

45
Q

a chemical given as Tx for DFS that Prevents free radicals → prevents further brain damage

A

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

46
Q

ideal amount of IV fluid

A

1g/kg

47
Q

T/F: Severe DFS cases require intubation to control seizures

A

F. require drugs

48
Q

drugs used to control seizures (6 answers)

A

Phenobarbitone,
primidone,
phenytoin,
diazepam,
dexamethasone,
20% mannitol

49
Q

preferred bedding for foals

A

straw

50
Q

______ (3 words) in cases of right-to-left shunting of blood due to atelectatic areas of the lungs or PDA

A

Positive pressure ventilation

51
Q

procedure that utilizes a simple rope harness in foal’s abdomen and mimic pressure normally experience in the birth canal; via a knot that you can tighten

A

Madigan Foal Squeeze Procedure

52
Q

a newborn foal’s first manure and is composed of intestinal secretions and fluid ingested by the foal while in utero

A

meconium

53
Q

meconium passed from ___ to ___ hours

A

4 to 48 hrs

54
Q

occurs when meconium is not passed in first 12 hours

A

meconium impaction

55
Q

_____ months already have fecal output in the
amnion which can accumulate

A

11-12

56
Q

T/F: Colostrum contains lubricants

A

T

57
Q

T/F: Tail swishing is a clinical sign of Dummy Foal Syndrome

A

F. a clinical sign of Meconium impaction

58
Q

if the amniotic fluid is dehydrated, it becomes___

A

hard/ concrete

59
Q

may be used if the obstruction (meconium impaction) is not near the anus, cannot be palpated, and you want to determine its exact location

A

Radiographs (x-ray)

60
Q

oz of mineral oil as Tx for high impaction in horses

A

4-6 oz

61
Q

A surfactant that may loosen impaction (Tx for meconium impaction)

A

10 mL 5% dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate

62
Q

The most important neonatal disease as it leads to death of foals

A

neonatal septicemia

63
Q

normal HR of adult horses

A

28-40 bpm

64
Q

a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung

A

Atelectasis

VMED 161: Equine Med (14 decks)

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