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common missed questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following secretes estrogen and progesterone in the first trimester of pregnancy?

The placenta
None of the above
The trophoblast
Corpus luteum

A

Corpus luteum

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2
Q

Which part of the menstrual cycle is the endometrium typically shed in?
Pregnancy
Ovulation
Luteal Phase
Follicular phase

A

Follicular phase

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3
Q

Which of the following does a blastocyst implant on?
The placenta
The endometrium
None of the above
Inside an ovary

A

The endometrium

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4
Q

In the luteal phase ____ levels decrease, then stay fairly constant
LH
FSH
Estrogen
Progesterone

A

LH

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5
Q

In the _____ sexual receptivity coincides with a specific phase of the cycle
Asexual reproduction
Menstrual cycle
Estrous cycle
Sexual reproduction

A

Estrous cycle

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6
Q

In the _____ sexual receptivity occurs at many phases of the cycle
Estrous cycle
Menstrual Cycle
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction

A

Menstrual Cycle

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7
Q

Leydig cells are involved in…
producing LH
producing testosterone
spermatogenesis
oogenesis

A

producing testosterone

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8
Q

Sertoli cells are involved in…
Spermatogenesis
All of the above
Oogenesis
Androgen synthesis

A

Spermatogenesis

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Which of the following exocrine glands produce saliva
sebaceous
pancreas
lacrimal
parotid

A

Parotid glands

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11
Q

which layer of the human digestive system contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
mucosa
submucosa
circular smooth muscle
longitudinal muscle

A

Submucosa

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12
Q

Which is false concerning carbohydrates
1. Long linear chains of their monomers are often indigestible
2. They are used for energy storage, structural components, and cellular energy within by animals
3. They are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
4. They are composed of interconnected monosaccharides

A
  1. They are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

carbohydrates are composed of C,H, and O not nitrogen

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13
Q

The _______ are the muscles that squeeze the digestive system during peristalsis

longitudinal
oblique
circular
cardiac

A

circular

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14
Q

peristalsis

A

Peristalsis is the process of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food, liquid, and other contents through the digestive tract. It involves the coordinated contraction and relaxation of the circular and longitudinal muscles lining the organs such as the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

involuntary movement

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15
Q

Which of the following are NOT associated with carbohydrate digestion?
pancreas
chief cells
salivary amylase
small intestine

A

chief cells

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16
Q

Which of the following are NOT associated with protein digestion?
duodenum
stomach
mouth
pancreas

A

mouth

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17
Q

Insulation keeps our body warm by using affecting
conduction
convection
radiation
A + B
All of the above

A

conduction and convection

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18
Q

The best way to explain cutaneous respiration is:
1. diffusion of gases across a specialized respiratory surface with circulatory transport.
2. circulating the external medium through the body.
3. diffusion of gases across most or all of the body surface followed by transport of gases in an internal circulatory system.
4. diffusion of gases across specialized internal and external membranes.

A

diffusion of gases across most or all of the body surface followed by transport of gases in an internal circulatory system.

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19
Q

Membrane fluidity can be increased by __________ of the plasma membrane.
1. increasing the lengths of fatty acid chains
2. decreasing the number of double bonds in the fatty acids
3. decreasing the phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio
4. decreasing the cholesterol content

A

decreasing the phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, decreasing chloesterol content

20
Q

Which of the following statement is true regarding thermoregulation?
1. An ectotherm, such as a lizard, never maintains a fairly constant body temperature.

  1. Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do polar bears.
  2. All endotherms must always maintain a fairly constant body temperature to survive.
  3. In furry animals, raised hairs keep the animal cooler than lowered hairs.
  4. A dilated blood vessel conserves more body heat than a constricted one.
A
  1. Ectotherms generally do not conserve body heat as effectively as do polar bears.
21
Q

which has the highest thermal conductivity
fat
air
water
rock

A

rock

22
Q

in the blood passing through muscles, the carbonic anhydrase rxn yields

A

HCO3-

23
Q

Not considering the contribution of metabolic rate, which animal a rat or a lizard, (assuming they are the same size and same shape) will cool faster in cold water?

The rat
The lizard
Both will cool at the same rate.
Rat will keep the body Tm, while lizard will cool to the water Tm

A

Both will cool at the same rate.

24
Q

what do type 2 cells in lung alveoli do?

A

secrete surfactant

25
Q

where is site of gas exchange in mammal lungs

A

Alveoli

26
Q

Which of the following thermic effects is described by the effect of a campfire to warm you on a cold night?
evaporation
metabolic heat
conduction
convection
indirect radiant heat
direct radiant heat

A

direct radient heat

27
Q

How do antifreeze macromolecules work?
1. Allow the organism to tolerate freezing of cells

  1. Increase the intracellular solutes concentration to decrease the freezing point of water
  2. Decrease the freezing point through non colligative actions and disrupt ice crystal formation
  3. They generate heat through metabolism to melt ice crystals that may form
A
  1. Decrease the freezing point through non colligative actions and disrupt ice crystal formation
28
Q

Which of the following might occur to a cod fish that is slowly acclimated to much colder water?

decreased cholesterol

decreased fatty acid tail lengths

Increases in phosphatidylcholine concentrations in their cell membranes

increased fatty acid saturation

A

decreased fatty acid tail lengths

29
Q

When animals go into a state of dormancy due to a lack of food or water this is described as…

A

estivation

30
Q

Which of the following statements about placenta is INCORRECT?
It secrets estrogen and progesterone
It is partially derived from the trophoblast cells
It is partially derived from the inner cell mass
It is partially derived from maternal tissues
It secrets CG

A

It is partially derived from the inner cell mass

31
Q

The precursor hormone for all reproductive steroid hormones is…
Estradiol
DHEA
Testosterone
Progesterone

A

Progesterone

32
Q

In females, FSH _____.
is not produced; it is a male hormone

is directly responsible for facial hair growth beginning at puberty

is produced by the hypothalamus

stimulates the formation of corpus luteum

stimulates follicle growth in the ovary

A

stimulates follicle growth in the ovary

33
Q

The secretion of FSH in a male is inhibited by negative feedback effects of:

Inhibin secreted from the Leydig cells

Estradiol secreted from the Leydig cells

Testosterone secreted from the Leydig cells

Estradiol secreted from the Sertoli cells

Testosterone secreted from the Sertoli cells

A

Testosterone secreted from the Leydig cells

34
Q

Which of the following might cause low FSH levels in men?
Adrenal insufficiency

Exogenous testosterone supplementation

Exogenous GnRH agonists

Thyroxin supplementation

A

Exogenous testosterone supplementation

35
Q

In freeze-tolerant species __________.
1. ice crystals form around the nucleating agents inside the cells.

  1. ice crystals form around the nucleating agents inside the cells AND the core internal organs freeze to lower the metabolic rate.
  2. The core internal organs freeze to lower the metabolic rate.
  3. ice crystals form around the nucleating agents only in the interstitial fluids
  4. the core internal organs freeze to lower the metabolic rate AND ice crystals form around the nucleating agents only in the extracellular fluid.
A
  1. ice crystals form around the nucleating agents only in the interstitial fluids
36
Q

Dilation of skin blood vessels leads to __________ by increasing the rate of heat exchange by __________.
heat gain; evaporation
heat loss; convection
heat loss; evaporation
heat gain; convection

A

heat loss; convection

37
Q

Alpha-amylase, found in saliva, plays a role in the digestion of what compounds?

A

carbohydrates

38
Q

blastocyst

A

which is an early stage of embryonic development in mammals. A blastocyst is formed about five to six days after fertilization when the fertilized egg (zygote) undergoes several rounds of cell division. It consists of an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast, which later helps form the placenta, and an inner cell mass that develops into the embryo itself. The blastocyst stage is critical as it is the stage that implants into the endometrium of the uterus, initiating pregnancy.

39
Q

High blood pressure leads to the production of (concentrated/dilute) urine due to an (increase/decrease) of hydrostatic pressure.
1. concentrated; increase
2. dilute; increase
3. dilute; decrease
4. concentrated; decrease

A
  1. dilute; increase
40
Q

Which of the following would be correctly identified as the location of primary urine production?
the renal medulla
the collecting duct
the urinary bladder
the renal cortex

A

the renal cortex

41
Q

In what part of the kidney are the glomeruli located?
Correct Answer
Cortex
Hilus
Medulla
Minor calyces

A

cortex

42
Q

Which of the following could result in the downregulation of vasopressin (ADH)?
low stroke volume
parasympathetic stimulation
Increased hematocrit (concentration of blood cells in the blood)
hyperhydration

A

hyperhydration

43
Q

ACE is produced by the ______________________ to convert ________________ to _________________________
1. adrenal gland; vasopressin; aldosterone

2.kidney; angiotensinogen; angiotensin II

  1. kidney; vasopressin; angiotensinogen
  2. lungs; angiotensin I; angiotensin II
A

lungs; angiotensin I; angiotensin II

44
Q

When patients have kidney failure, they might have to undergo dialysis in order to remove nitrogenous wastes from their blood. What other symptoms might come from kidney failure?
fluid retention
polydipsia (increased urine production)
dyspepsia (indigestion) hirsutism (increased hair production)

A

fluid retention

45
Q
A

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