Common Glandular Dysfunctions Flashcards
What mineral is essential for alpha tocopherol?
Selenium
Describe the lingual ascorbic acid test.
The test is performed by dropping a blue summation onto the tongue and waiting to see how long it takes for the color to dissipate. Greater than 30 seconds is an indicator of ascorbic acid deficiency, although a deficiency you sometime seen between 10 to 20 seconds.
Taking a lot of vitamin C can increase your need for what vitamin?
Vitamin A
True/false we are more often concerned with the frequency with which the patient takes a supplement rather then the absolute amount of the substance ingested.
True
P factors are known as what?
Anti-capillary fragility factors or bioflavonoids
What copper carrying enzyme is found in vitamin C?
Tyrosinase
What four major chemical groups make up vitamin E?
Tocopherols, phospholipids, Vitamin F group, and steroid hormone precursors
Name the three groups of glandular preparations.
Aqueous tissues, raw glandular material, protomorphogens
Deficiency of which hormone can cause excessive sweating?
Aldosterone
How long should a pupil constrict normally when a light is shined into it?
At least 30 seconds
T/F A minor flutter or twitch of the pupil, known as hippus, is normal when a light is shined into it.
True
In the stressed patient, which does the body dump into the urine, sodium or potassium?
Sodium (increasing intracellular levels of potassium and decreasing extracellular levels of sodium, which can cause non-pitting edema in legs)
T/F A Koenisburg test can be performed on urine at any time of the day.
False, it should be a first morning urine
Which 2 reagents are used in a Koenisburg test?
10% potassium chromate and 0.74% silver nitrate
How is the Koenisburg test performed?
10 drops urine, 1 drop 10% potassium chromate (mix until yellowish), titrate drop by drop with 0.74% silver nitrate and observe for color change from red-orange to brick red. Normal is 17-25 drops. Too high or low could be hypoadrenia or high dietary salt intake
Is epinephrine a vasoconstrictor or vasodilator?
Vasoconstrictor peripherally
How does cortisol affect epinephrine?
Cortisol sensitizes the tissues to epinephrine
How much louder should the first heart sound be normally?
3 times louder
What would you expect in a hypoadrenic patient?
The second sound will be as loud, or louder, than the first sound over the pulmonary valve due to pulmonary hypertension
What does a loud second heart sound over the tricuspid valve indicate?
Liver congestion
How do corticosteroids cause hypoadrenia?
They create a negative feedback loop with the pituitary and cause low output of ACTH
Hyperpigmentation will be seen in what?
Hypoadrenia
POMC: pro-opiomelanocortin
What are the three basic diagnostic factors in hypoadrenia?
Ragland’s sign, paradoxical pupillary response, loud second heart sound over the pulmonic valve.
What is Rogoff’s sign?
Tenderness over the junction of the 12th rib and 12th vertebra
What is vitamin G?
Riboflavin and Niacin
How often should you tell the patient to hold the NV points on the forehead for emotional recall technique?
Do it in the office until they no longer weaken then tell them to hold the points once per day before going to sleep or when confronted with excessive emotional stress.
T/F Glucocorticoids stimulate the immune system.
False
What does it mean when a sartorius strengthens to the NL point of thymus?
The thymus is holding back improvement of the adrenals.
What is the single most important factor in treating all types of infections?
Improving elimination
What 3 muscles could be associated with a thyroid problem?
Teres minor, pec major sternal, SCM.
What should you check if a patient has a metallic taste in his mouth?
A strong teres minor (but could also be weak) and a weak pec major sternal that is negated by the need for iodine.
What is needed in excessively thin mucus secretions?
Better biliary function, give bile salts.
What 3 things can be given for hyperthyroid?
Iodine (in high doses will suppress the thyroid), thymus tissue, and vitamin A.
Which vitamin should be given with manganese because it increases the body’s need for this vitamin?
Vitamin B12
What metal when taken in excess can cause a manganese deficiency?
Zinc
On what days of the female cycle would you expect a drop in basal temperature in a person with a slightly underactive thyroid?
The day before her period and the first 2-3 days after period.
What would you expect to see in the basal temperature of a patient with a normal functioning thyroid and low progesterone?
An elevation of the basal temperature a few days prior to the onset of the period and normalization several days later.
At what half of the female cycle can you best detect an estrogen excess?
Second half because they should be progesterone dominant at that point but won’t be if they are estrogen dominant.
What would you expect to see with the basal temperature with an estrogen excess?
A drop by as much as 1 degree during the second half of the cycle.
Brilliant, blinding flashes of light across the visual field can indicate a need for what?
Bile salts
A metallic taste in the mouth can indicate a need for what?
Iodine
A bitter taste in the mouth can indicate a need for what?
Bile salts
Name the vitamin B related muscles.
PMC, tib ant, peroneal muscles
Burning symptoms anywhere in the body are often symptoms of what?
Colon floral imbalance
Burning feet may mean what?
B1 deficiency or diabetic neuropathy
What should the rectal pH be?
Slightly acidic
If the rectal pH is normal or alkaline, what should be indicated?
HCl, lactic acid yeast, or acidophilus (probiotics)
What is the use of lactic acid yeast?
To convert carbohydrates into lactic acid
At what point of the female cycle are B vitamins most important and why?
The second half because they are used via the liver for breakdown of estrogen and the second half of the cycle should be progesterone dominance.
What is the major function of the liver?
To detoxify the colon.
