AK Procedures COPY Flashcards
Temporal tap
Tapping begins just anterior to the ear and then continues anterior along the TS line in a circular pattern.
Procedure 1: (other reflexes) used to see if any of the other 5 factors is needed. It is used after treating reflexes. Tap on the left side TS line then retest while TLing to other reflex.
Procedure 2: (nutrition) after correcting all reflexes if you TL to two of the reflexes associated with the muscle and then tap the left TS line a weakening of a pim would indicate a nutritional imbalance in the muscle associated with those two reflexes.
Procedure 3: (habit control) tap the left side with a positive statement and then tap the right side with a negative statement. If the procedure fails, test for hypertonicity of the temporalis muscle. This procedure will fail if the patient clenches their teeth during the tapping procedure.
Body into distortion
Disorganizations, structural faults, active reflexes, and other factors become evident when a patient is examined in the same postural distortion that is present in the patient.
Origin/insertion
Microavulsion of tendon at junction with periosteum.
Hard heavy pressure applied to OI for 30-60 seconds.
Raw veal bone (phosphatase) to aid in healing.
Originally found in 1964
Neurolymphatic reflex
Discovered by frank chapman in 1930’s
1965 goodheart correlated with specific muscles
Anterior and posterior pairs
Treatment is firm, rotary pressure for seconds to 8-10 min
Neurovascular reflex
Reported by Terrence Bennet, DC in 1930’s
Control of vasoconstriction and vasodilation can be influenced by Bennet reflexes, somatoautonomic reflexes.
Located on skull
Rate of pulse between 70-74 bpm
Treat for 20-30 sec to up to 5 minutes
Cranial Stress receptors
Many times found in sprain/strain injuries or when trauma has been sustained to the skull
TL pim weakens or tapping NV for associated muscle weakens a pim.
Treat by pulling skin in direction and in phase of respiration 4-5 times
Foot reflexes
These are golgi tendon apparatus that are found on the dorsum of the foot. Correspond with the attachments of the various muscles of the foot and will affect various muscles of the body according to their organ relationship.
Toes represent the head area and the rest of the foot mirrors the body.
Reflexes can be TL’d.
Treatment is done by pressing in the direction that causes weakness and negated by phase of respiration for 4-5 breaths.
Hand reflexes
Seen when an individual develops symptoms in the body while using his or her hands, i.e. A carpenter gets knee pain when using a hammer.
Reflexes that “turn off” muscles. Located in both surfaces of the hand. Right hand controls right side of body and left hand left side of body.
Can be TL’d using any pim or will strengthen a weak muscle.
Treatment done by determining direction that weakens pim and negated by phase of respiration for 4-5 respirations.
Shock absorber test
Strike the bones of a joint with a 5-10 lb force.
If weakness is found examine the joint for subluxations.
Manganese deficiency will allow shock to stretch ligaments that are directly related to joint.
Extraspinal subluxation challenge
Direct challenge. Adjust in the vector that strengthens a weak muscle or opposite to vector that causes the greatest amount of weakening of a pim.
Neuromuscular spindle cell
Indicated in any trauma. More numerous in muscles of extremities than trunk. Located throughout the muscles but more concentrated at the center of the muscles. Stimulated by stretch.
Pressure applied to approximate will relax or weaken a muscle.
Pressure applied to stretch the muscle fibers will strengthen a muscle.
Golgi tendon organ
Most are supplied with stretch receptors which are located near the musculotendonis junction.
Pressure applied against the tendon toward the origin or insertion has the effect of weakening a muscle.
Pressure applied against the tendon toward the belly of the muscle has the effect of strengthening a weak muscle.
Reactive muscle
Weakening of a muscle following the testing of another muscle. Weakness occurs because of improper proprioceptor communication between the related muscles.
Treat the spindle cells of the muscle that weakened after the stimulation of the other muscle.
Raw veal bone calcium can be needed.
Muscle interlink- relationship of muscles that interact as reactive muscles in a pattern similar to that of ligament interlink.
Lovett reactor
Each vertebra is linked with its counterpart at the opposite end of the spine. C1-L5 C2-L4 C3-L3 C4-L2 C5-L1 C6-T12 C7-T11 T1-T10 T2-T9 T3-T8 T4-T7 T5-T6
Vertebral subluxation
A rebound be challenge can be used.
Intrinsic spinal muscles
Rotatores longus, Rotatores brevis, intertransversarii, interspinalis. If muscles fail to balance after subluxation has been corrected, it is necessary to apply therapy directly to the muscles with Origin Insertion.
Anterior thoracic
Interspinalis and levator costorum muscles hold the vertebra posteriorly and inferiorly.
Primary atlas technique
Use when imbalances of upper cervical region are suspected but not found.
TL to atlas with thumb due to more nerve endings in thumb than other fingers.
Bang to top of head, or side of shoulders, that recreates injury will cause wrist extensor so to go weak and will be negated by repeating with traction of the head. This is an indicator for hidden cervical disc or upper cervicals.
Goodheart believes, like Gonstead, that most C0-C1 and C1-C2 imbalances are compensatory.
Postural pattern is need for fascial flush to abdominals. If this is found, check atlas and TMJ.
Sacral subluxation
Can be unilateral or bilateral. Palpate nuchal ligament for tenderness from EOP to C7. Will only TL to both nuchal ligament and sacrum simultaneously, not individually.
Anterior inferior sacrum
With patient prone, stand on the lesion side and with a thumb contact on the sacral ala, close to the psis. Hold firmly and flex knee to stretch the rectus with the other hand, by grabbing the ankle, until hold until you feel the sacrum move superiorly.
Bilateral anterior inferior sacrum
Raise the pelvis through table adjustment or with a roll under the pelvis. Flex the knees and hold them in position with your chest. Contact sacral alae BL with thumbs just medial to psis. Gradually increase pressure with your chest and wait to feel both sides of the sacrum move superiorly.
There is usually an anterior thoracic subluxation with a bilateral anterior-inferior sacrum that should be corrected first.
Oblique sacrum
The anterior-inferior side is corrected in the usual manner and the posterior side is corrected with a thrust adjustment.
Respiratory adjustment
Challenge to find the vector and see which phase of respiration negates the challenge. Repeat 6-7 times with 4-6 lbs of pressure.
Persistent subluxation
Is usually an intrinsic muscle problem or a remote problem. Intrinsics can be corrected through O-I or NL (K 27 is NL for all spinal intrinsics).
A key factor is to have the patient do things done every day to see if they bring on problems.
Imbrication subluxation
Subluxation where articulations overlap in a shingle-like manner. Usually caused from chronic postural strain or sudden compression injury. Loss of disc space can cause as well.
Objective evidence seen on oblique LS x ray and PA views present less distortion.
Made worse by Kemp’s test but doesn’t cause radiation into lower limb.
There will be a positive TL over the area of imbrication but will not show positive usual challenge, except for I-to-S challenge.
Correction done by abducting and slightly extending leg on lesions side and giving a sharp thrust while the other leg is flexed.
Intraosseous subluxation
Microscopic stress within the bones crystalline structure, which is considered to distort the body’s hologramic memory.
Vertebral fixation
3 or more segments.
Occiput-psoas bl Upper Cervicals-glut max bl Mid Cervicals-psoas bl CT junction-middle deltoid bl Mid thoracic-teres major bl TL junction-lower trap bl Lumbar-neck extensors as a group Iliac-ipsilateral neck extensor Sacrum-both ipsilateral neck extensors T1/1st Rib (Limbic)-TL to C7 SP and head rotation
Fixation masking patterns
When one fixation shows itself after the correction of another fixation. This is thought to occurs due to an agonist-antagonist relationship.
Weight bearing fixations
Fixations that don’t show until standing or pressure is applied to the vertex of the head.
Check for octacosanol need
Flexion and extension - atlas and occiput fixation
Rate to find more than one and correction is usually long lasting.
Occiput on atlas - flexion:
Patient flexes CS, beginning with occiput on atlas, with head on the table, and continuing until max flexion, patient attempts to touch chin to chest and a PIM is checked for weakening.
Corrected by stabilizing head and not allowing motion while patient attempts to touch chin to chest 3-4 times.
Occiput on atlas - extension:
Begin with full extension, with head on the table, and check for weakening of a PIM.
Correction by stabilizing head and patient attempts to extend head 3-4 times then recheck.
Atlas on Occiput - Flexion:
Maximally flex neck with head off table and check a PIM for weakening.
Correction-patient passively flexes patients neck to maximum flexion 3-4 times then recheck.
Atlas on Occiput - extension:
Maximally extend head with head off table and PIM tested for weakening.
Correction done by Doctor passively extending through full passive ROM.
Lumbar intervertebral disc
Type 1 - acute back sprain Type 2 - fluid ingestion Type 3 - posterolateral annulus disruption Type 4 - bulging disc Type 5 - sequestered fragment Type 6 - displaced sequestered fragment Type 7 - degenerated disc
Cervical disc syndrome
95% at C5 and C6.
Will not strengthen to 5 factors
Deltoid - C6 (C5-6 disc)
Triceps - C7 (C6-7 disc)
Finger abductors - C8 (C7-T1 disc)
Direct challenge challenge with vertebra held into position, not indirect challenge.
Can take 6 months for annulus fibers to heal
Hidden cervical disc
Will not show positive TL.
SOD recommended, not Mn like usual
If wrist extensors strong in the clear and weaken in a position, either sitting or standing, that is a good indicator.
Challenge by pressing TP in an anterior-superior direction, in alignment with the facet plane, to find the specific level of involvement.
Cervical compaction technique
Performed after correcting subluxations and/or fixations.
Treatment: An axial force is applied to CS while the physician moves the CS through passive ROM with 3-4 lbs of rhythmic pressure applied to vertex of the patients head.
Passive limitation - Corrective Motion
Lateral flexion - ipsilateral rotation
Flexion - extension
Rotation in extension - ipsilateral lateral flexion in extension
Rotation in flexion - ipsilateral lateral flexion in flexion
Category 1
Torsion of the pelvis without osseous misalignment.
Neither SI will show single hand TL. BL TL to both SI’s and then double TL to one, that will be the lesion side.
Challenge to PSIS and opposite ischium.
Piriformis is often weak on lesion side.
Pain at anterior and posterior attachments of 1st rib on lesion side.
Block with blocks pointed at each other and pump on opposite PSIS to lesion side.
Category II
Refers to a sacroiliac misalignment or subluxation
TL-with the patient either standing or supine, patient contacts first one sacrum and then the other and has a weakening of a pim.
Posterior ilium-short leg
Tenderness is found at the OI of the sartorius and gracilis and first rib head at the sternum and 1st thoracic vertebrae.
Weakness will be found of the sartorius and/or gracilis.
Correction can be made with either blocks or side posture.
Anterior ilium-long leg (posterior ischium)
Tenderness is found on the lateral thigh, the obturator foramina, and the first rib attachments.
Weakness of the biceps femoris and the vastus lateralis.
Correction can be made with blocks or in side posture adjusting the ischium. An alternate blocking procedure is to have the patient stabilize the blocks and first flex the short leg to 90 degrees and then rotate the leg away from the body and then straighten the leg. The long leg is then flexed and rotated across the body and then returned to its normal position.
Internal-external iliac rotation
Positive TL of SI joint may indicate either internal or external rotation of the ilium.
Internal ilium may be found associated with weakness of the transverse and oblique abdominals.
External ilium is found associated with a weakness of the ipsilateral gluteus medius/minimus.
Tenderness is found along the insertion of the insertion of the abdominal obliques at the crest of the ilium.
In both cases correction is made in side posture with the direction of force being determined by challenging the ilium to determine the vector of force that strengthens the indicator muscle most.
Tenderness is found along the origin of the gluteus medius in the external rotation.
Category IIsi
An osseous subluxation between the sacrum and the innominate.
Posterior ilium nearly always associated with dysfunction of the sartorius/gracilis on side of involvement.
Posterior ischium associated with weak hamstrings
Category IIsp
Associated with tension in the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.
Will not TL to SI’s.
Spondyligenic reflexes of the sacrospinous to the occiput and C6 and of the sacrotuberous from C7 to T8.
TL by testing the sartorius with positive TL to pubic symphysis, slightly to the right and left. May become evident with partial sit-up.
Challenge with patient supine, one hand under the ilium on one side and one hand one the ischium on the other side, and lift the patient as if to lift off the table. Positive challenge is weakening of sartorius or gracilis (best) or any other muscle.
Block under posterior ilium and under ischium on opposite side. If positioning is correct there will no longer be positive TL. Flex knee and rotate hip toward posterior ilium.
Category III
Dysfunction of L5 on an intact pelvis.
There is no TL
Challenge with the patient prone. Contact anterior portion of ischium and contralateral L5 SP and push toward each other.
Blocking based on reduction of pain at L5 and 5th Sacral nerve. One block at 90 degrees to spine at ASIS and one under ischium. Start with block at 90 degrees under ischium and rotate inferiorly until pain gone.
PiLUS
Goodheart developed discoveries from Illi that show coupling of rotation with lumbar flexion.
20 degrees of lumbar flexion and extension will inhibit a: right piriformis; left latissimus dorsi; left upper trap; right SCM. (Use 30 degrees of flexion and 15 degrees of extension)
Deep tendon reflex
When the patellar tendon is hit you should see a predetermined facilitation or inhibition.
Quads inhibits ipsilateral hamstrings Quads inhibit contra quads Quads inhibits ipsilateral pec sternal Quads facilitate ipsilateral quads Quads inhibit contra SCM Quads inhibit ipsilateral upper trap
When patient doesn’t weaken in proper manner the problem will frequently be found in places where the dura attaches.
TL in defending order: Occiput-upper cervicals Cervical spine Sacrum Center of chest (rib pump)
Spondylogenic reflex
C1-T1 —> C7-T7
Medial angle of scapula-T1—–> acromion-T7
Along the clavicle acromion-T7 —–> SC joint-T12
Along the iliac crest PSIS-L5 —–> anterior side-L1
Nuchal ligament
Tension and pain in the nuchal ligament are indicators of an inferior sacrum, usually on the painful side. Can also have an inferior occiput, upper cervical fixation, respiratory pattern to the upper cervicals, PRYT, and stomatognathic dysfunction. However, may not stick if inferior sacrum is not corrected.
Sacrospinal and sacrituberous ligament
There are spodylogenic reflexes in the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments that reflex to the occiput to C6 and C7 to T8, respectively.
Treat by applying pressure to the ligaments and palpate for the area of greatest paraspinal tenderness from C1 to T8. It is usually ipsilateral. Apply 10 pounds of pressure I to S to where the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous cross and vary the vector while monitoring paraspinal tenderness.
Iliolumbar ligament
Original work done by Fred Illi. Imbalances in this ligament cause improper inhibition in a gait position.
Patient steps backward and transfers weight to front foot. Muscles that should be inhibited are tested and if not found weak asked to apply pressure to L5 TP in side of anterior leg. If they then weaken use iliolumbar technique.
Procedure:
- Patient prone
- Ends of ligament are pressed toward each other and a pim is tested for weakening.
- Palpate glut max along iliac crest for trigger points. Test glut max for need of strain counter-strain and treat if found for 20 seconds with patient in full expiration.
- Retest for proper inhibition
Sagittal suture tap technique
Serendipitously found while giving a tap on the top of the head to determine if there was a hidden cervical disc and found that he could straighten knee that wouldn’t straighten for the last 15 years.
Thought to be a portal of entry into cortical and cerebellar memory and erasing encoded memory of the dysfunction.
Examination and treatment:
- Make corrections
- TL to bregma and reexamine with original exam technique. If finding are again positive, sagittal suture tap technique is applicable.
- Tap bregma vigorously 4-5 times and follow by spreading sagittal suture. Positive exam finding should no longer be evident.
- Again, TL to bregma and determine if it no longer reproduces initial findings.
- Each phase of correction must be accompanied by sagittal suture tap technique.
Neurologic disorganization
When you get results that should not be showing up there may be a disturbance in the sensing, processing and integrating of the nervous system. This can usually be uncovered by TLing to K27 BL, K27-umbilicus, auxiliary K27, GV-CV connection, and nasal tap.
The most common causes structurally in descending order are: cranial sacral primary respiratory dysfunction, foot dysfunction, equilibrium reflex synchronization, PRYT, gait organization, and dural tension.
Ocular lock
Failure of the eyes to work together.
When eyes are turned in a specific direction and a PIM weakens, it is a positive ocular lock. Frequently when there is a positive K27 when ocular lock is present.
First done clockwise or counter-clockwise and a PIM is tested for weakening. There will be saccadic motions at a particular portion of the circle. That is the point where a PIM usually weakens.
Can be temporarily eliminated by treating K27-umbilicus.
The usual basic cause is a cranial fault.
KI 27-Umbilicus
Use when there is positive TL to K27 and there is no predictable results with manual muscle testing.
First stimulate one K27 and the umbilicus for 20 seconds, then the other K27, and then umbilicus.
Nasal tap
If there is positive ocular lock and K27-umbilicus is treated.
Have patient maintain positive eye position and quickly take 2 deep nasal sniffs. If this weakens PIM, tap the bridge of the nose for 60 seconds.
After tapping, the ocular lock should no longer be present after 2 deep nasal sniffs.
It seems like the tapping affects the cranial primary mechanism to temporarily eliminate the ocular lock.
Auxiliary KI 27
After K27-umbilicus consider other points:
T11
Vertebral subluxations
CV-GV Switching
TL to CV 24 or GV 27
If TL positive to either point contact CV 24 and CV 2(upper symphysis pubis) with solid pressure for 30 seconds. Next contact GV 1 and CV 2 and hold for 30 seconds. There will often be subluxations the associated point for the GV at BL 16(close to T6-7).
Hidden switching
When a patient shows switching only under certain conditions.
Cross crawl
Delacato hypothesized there are 5 stages of chid development.
Intrauterine-16 weeks- spinal cord and medulla, reflex actions only
16 weeks-6 months- pons. Homolateral activity of visual and auditory functions
6 months-1 year- midbrain. Cross pattern, quadruped crawling, development of both sides of the body together, important area of development to prepare child for upright position.
1 year-5 years-early cortical function, walking, and continued BL development.
3 years-8 years- chordophone hemisphere dominance, develops right or left dominance and continued neurologic organization.
Turn head to the side of arm flexion that has the greatest amount of toe turn in and keep head neutral and follow arm flexion with eyes.
30 cycles per day are usually enough but some sever cases might need to do 30 tid.
Injury recall technique
Used to help the body locate and eliminate the memory associated with trauma.
Memory recall
Make corrections and then have the patient think about the incident that he associates with the beginning of the health problem. If the corrections are immediately lost that is an indication that memory recall is continuing to interfere with lasting corrections.
Make the correction while the patient concentrates on the memory of the trauma.
Aerobic/anaerobic
Aerobic: retest in a rhythmic, slow, repetitive manner. Should test for at least 20 times.
If weak: treat NL and check for need of iron to replenish myoglobin levels
Anaerobic: retest in quick, rapid succession. Should test at least 20 times.
If weak: treat the NL and check for need of B5 to augment breakdown of glycogen in Kreb’s cycle.
If muscle cramps during test hold down NL to increase blood flow.
RMAPI - repeated muscle activation patient induced
A weak muscle is found strong but after having the patient activate the muscle 10 times the muscle will then test weak.
Treatment: origin/insertion treatment is applied to the muscle that weakens with RMAPI. It usually requires a rather hard application of pressure at the muscles origin and insertion.
Goodheart found that over 90% of the patients have occipital or spinal fixation patterns and TL findings that he relates to cerebellar activity.
Muscle stretch reaction
When a PIM is stretched and then tests weak. It has to do with problems with the fascia or with triggerpoints within the muscle.
Fascial Flush
pim that weakens when stretched
Treat by “ironing out muscle”
Nutritional support-B12 in low dosages with associated stomach and liver extracts which supply the intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Multiple muscles needing fascial flush is a good indicator for B12
Trigger point
Described by Travell as, “A small hypersensitive region from which impulses bombard the central nervous system and give rise to referred pain.” When pressed, active trigger points will give referred pain, while latent will only cause local pain.
Myofascial gelosis
Collagen fibers losing elasticity and becoming sticky is the jail saw the scription in which the gel is in a more soluble form when there is freedom of motion.
Diagnosed by a PIM becoming weak after pinching the belly of a muscle.
Treat by tapping with a reflex hammer at 1 Hz or by using a percussor for 30-60 seconds and then rechecking.
Vibrating devices have a circular motion and are not useful at correcting myofascial gelosis.
Ligament stretch
A positive ligament stretch reaction is present when muscles that previously tested strong test week after the ligaments of an associate articulation are stretched. Associated with the adrenals and correction should be applied to the adrenals.
Strain/counterstrain
Fully contract a pim and retest for weakness.
Treat by spreading trigger point and shortening muscle fibers until pain is gone and then having them lengthen the muscle.
Nutritional support: raw calcium type product
Gait testing
(Treat on side of leg weakness)
Contralateral leg and arm flexors-Lv 2
Contralateral leg and arm abductors-St 44
Contralateral leg and arm extensors-Sp 3
Contralateral leg and arm adductors-Bl 65
Contralateral psoas and Pec sternal-K 1
Contralateral glut Medius and abdominal oblique-Gb 42
Walking gait temporal pattern
As The right leg and pelvis move forward the left shoulder girdle moves forward as the shoulder flexors. Simultaneously, the head turns left, inhibiting the left sternocleidomastoid, right upper trapezius and right deep neck extensor.
Test for normal facilitation of the SCM, upper trap, and deep extensor in a standing gait position.
A positive test is usually failed inhibition.
Ligament interlink
Relationship between a ligament in one side of the body to the corresponding ligament in a contralateral joint of the body. Right ankle-left wrist Right knee-left elbow Shoulder-acetabulum Sacroiliac-costal-sternal junctions Xyphoid-coccyx Any joint-TMJ
Find painful ligament then find painful ligament on opposite joint. TL will only be positive when both ligaments are contacted and pim is weakened. Have patient contact more painful side. Push hyoid to side of lesser ligament tenderness and apply pulsating pressure 20-30 times against the less tender ligament. If soreness over side patient is holding is not reduced check TMJ, ipsilateral first then contralateral.
Pitch
The patient is supine with knees flexed. The neck is flexed with the chin approximated to the chest and a PIM is tested for weakening.
If weak, check for decreased hip abduction. Correction involves stabilization of the skull and preventing motion as the patient attempts to forcibly flex the neck. Repeat five times.
Can also be done with rotation
Roll
The patient is supine with the knees bent. A PIM weakens when both knees are rotated either left or right, this will be abolished by having the patient roll the eyes either left or right.
Correction involves placing the patient in the prone position and challenging the sacrum, lateral to the apex, in a superior direction with the eyes lateralized. Find a phase of respiration that abolishes the weakness. If inspiration is found, correct cephalad and slightly and anterior, and if expiration is found, correct cephalad and slightly posterior.
Yaw #1
Patient is supine with knees flexed. PIM weakens when knees and head are rotated in opposite directions.
This is a subluxation fixation of the occiput on the atlas.
Challenge by stabilizing the atlas and pressing anterior on the occiput to find the side of involvement.
Adjust at the sorest spot on the side of challenge in an anterior direction without rotation of the skull
Many times this will increase lumbar flexion
Yaw #2
Patient is prone with blocks under the opposite ASIS and shoulder.
Test for weakening of PIM and then reverse the blocks.
If positive, TL each side of the sacrum.
Adjust with the side that TL’d up in side-posture. Stand between the patient’s legs with the superior leg parallel to the floor supported by the doctors thigh. As the pressure is applied against the leg, an anterior thrust is delivered on the sacrum on the side that TL’d.
It is important that the pelvic musculature, especially the piriformis, is evaluated and corrected for maintenance of this condition.
Yaw #3
Patient is prone with blocks under the opposite shoulder and lower rib cage.
This torques the ribs opposite to the shoulders and weakening of a PIM will reveal an underlying fault at the thoraco-lumbar junction.
Tilt
Patient is supine with one knee flexed and head laterally flexed to the same side.
Test PMC bilaterally for weakening. If no weakening, recheck with head laterally flexed to opposite side. Repeat with opposite knee flexed.
Correction:
Treat by having the patient hold the ear towards the shoulder and forcibly attempt to medially bend the neck and head away from the shoulder. Repeat on the opposite side.
Labyrinthine reflexes
Located in medial aspect of the mastoid.
Visual righting reflex
Found when muscle is weak in the clear and strengthens with eyes closed. Reflexes above the supraorbital notch.
Pelvic reflexes
May be primitive centering reflexes. Called cloacal reflexes by Beardall. Anterior TL points found on the anterior external surface of the superior ramus of the pubis, below the origin of the pectineus and lateral to the origin of the adductor longus along the superior border of the obturator foramen. The posterior pelvic reflex is located where the sacrotuberous ligament attaches to the fourth and fifth transverse tubercles of the sacrum and the lateral margins of the coccyx.
Anterior contralateral and ipsilateral apposition
The patient is supine and flexes his hip to slightly raise a straight leg off the table and flexes the arm to 160 degrees. Pressure is applied to extend the leg and flex the arm. Test contralaterally and ipsilaterally on both sides. Treat by either correcting cranial faults or by rubbing anterior and/or posterior reflexes.
Posterior contralateral and ipsilateral apposition
The patient is supine and flexes his hip to slightly raise a straight leg off the table and flexes the arm to 160 degrees. Pressure is applied to flex the leg and extend the arm. Test contralaterally and ipsilaterally on both sides. Treat by either correcting cranial faults or by rubbing anterior and/or posterior reflexes.
Limbic fixation - rib and spinal fixation
Common fixation that can cause return of other fixations or of the PRY imbalances.
Fixation between C7 and 1st rib
Challenge you contacting the SP of C7 with one hand and 1st rob with the other.
Correct by thrusting the C7 away from 1st rib and then the rib away from C7
Rib pump technique
Treat with strain-counterstrain. Test for these problems in cases of atrophy, dystrophy, CVA, neuropathy and spinal cord injuries
Dural tension
The dura attaches for foramen magnum and posterior surface of C2 and C3, and inferiorly at the filum terminale and the dorsum of the first coccygeal segment. It is generally recognized as not attaching at C1.
Filum terminale cephalad lift technique
First, have the patient TL to both the coccyx and upper three cervical vertebrae and occiput. Treatment is done by double hand contact with constant cephalad pressure on the coccyx, loose contact on the occiput as the patient inhales, and a gentle squeeze on the occiput as the patient exhales. Maintain pressure on the occiput and with the next inhalation move the upper three cervical vertebrae inferiorly. Repeat 4-5 times.
Will usually see a shortening of the spine by 1”
Inspiration assist cranial fault
Weak muscle strengthens; pim weakens.
Palpable tenderness: frontal bone along mid-pupillary line.
Challenge: push mastoid anteriorly.
Correction: push mastoid into direction of challenge, usually anteromedially on inspiration
Sacral associated fault: sacral inspiration assist
Expiration assist cranial fault
Weak muscle strengthens on expiration; pim weakens on inspiration.
Palpable tenderness: frontal bone along mid-pupillary line.
Challenge: push mastoid posterior.
Correction: push mastoid posterior on expiration.
Sacral associated fault: sacral expiration assist fault
Sphenobasilar inspiration assist cranial fault
Weak muscle strengthens when air is forced in after full inspiration or pim weakens after forcing air to expel after full expiration.
Palpable tenderness: over wing of sphenoid
Challenge: thumbs are placed as in the TL locations and patient asked to forcibly exhale; or challenge at the mastoid and cruciate suture.
Correction: one hand on hard palate pushing superiorly and one on mastoid pushing anteriorly on inspiration.
Sacral associated fault: fixation between sacrum and coccyx corrected on inspiration
