Common disorders in children Part 1- Henson

Question 1

what are Piagets stages of cognitive development?

Answer 1

sensorimotor- birth to 2
  object permanence, symbolization
Preoperational thought 2 -7
   unable to think logically or deductively, egocentrism, animistic thinking
concrete operations- 7-11
   conservation, reversibility
formal operations- 11- adolescence
  can think abstractly, reason deductivley

Question 2

what are some signs of major dep[ressive disorder in children?

Answer 2

failure to meet expected weight gain, somatic complaints, IRRITABILITY,

Question 3

what is dysthymic disorder in children ?

Answer 3

deprssed or irritable, NOT MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, for a year
will often precede major depressive disorder by several yearts

Question 4

a child has a history of ADHD, has mood variability, distractable mood, whaty is the Dx?

Answer 4

bipolar 1

Question 5

what do cyclothymic disorder kids show?

Answer 5

milder form of bipolar, for a year ( asopposed to adults needing to be having symptoms for 2 years to be diagnosed)

Question 6

what are the differneces in normal bereavement, and major depressive disorder?

Answer 6

MDD- guilty beyond the issues surrounding the loved one, preoccupation with death, hallucinations

Question 7

how do you treat modo disorders in kids?

Answer 7

psychotherapy, hospitalization if dangerous)

can also giev SSRI ( fluoxetine) or buproprion, venlafaxine

Question 8

how do you treat bipolar in a child above 12?

Answer 8

can use lithium above the age of 12, can also give anticonvulsants ( valproic acid)

Question 9

what diagnosis must be present before the age of 18 and are under the anxiety disorders?

Answer 9

separation anxiety, selective mutism, reaction attachment disorder

Question 10

what is a specific phobia?

Answer 10

marked and persistent fear that is ecessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation, must be present for at least 6 months

Question 11

whatare teh most common phobias in children/

Answer 11

storms, getting shots, insects that sting, usually happen aroudn the age of 5-9

Question 12

hwo do you treat specific phobias?

Answer 12

exposure therapy, if extreme anxiety can give SSRI

Question 13

what is separation anxiety?

Answer 13

extreme anxiety with the anticipation of separation from parents, home or familiar surroundings for more than 4 weeks ( MOST COMMON is school refusal

Question 14

hwo do you treat separation anxiety?

Answer 14

CBT, family education,

Question 15

what is selective mutism?

Answer 15

children who have the ability to speak, but are completey silent or have minimal language in certain enviromants, usually ages 4-8, must be longer than a month to diagnose ( a form of social phobia)

Question 16

what is reactive attachment disorder?

Answer 16

marked disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness in most contexts

Question 17

what aer teh two subtypes of reactive attachment disorders?

Answer 17

inhibited type- fails to initiate and respond to most social interactions in an appropriate way
disinhibited type- undifferentiated, unselective social relatedness

these occur before age 5, and usually ahev Hx of abuse, or adoption, neglect,

Question 18

what is oppositional defiant disorder?

Answer 18

pattern of negative and defiant behavior, deliberatly anoys people, blames others, angry, spiteful, for longer than 6 months, DOES NOT MEET CRITERIA FOR CONDUCT DISORDER

Question 19

what are the differences in conduct disorder from ODD?

Answer 19

conduct- breaking rules of society, stealing, assaults, truancy, antecedenat to antisocial disorder ( they are hurting people, ODD dont hurt people)

Question 20

what are some drugs that you cn use in children psychotic disorders?

Answer 20

risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, aripriprazole

Question 21

what is tourettes disorder?

Answer 21

multiple motor, and at least one vocal tic, for at elast a year, prior to age 18

transient= occurs for 4 weeks, but not longer than 12 months

Question 22

what do you give to treat tic disorders?

Answer 22

typical anti psychotics- haloperidol, pimozide

atypicial- risperidone, olanzapine

Question 23

when you are treating tic disorders, what must you also do?

Answer 23

always treat comorbid conditions, often presents with ADHD, and OCD, the stimulants for ADHD can make tics worse

Question 24

what is encopresis?

Answer 24

pooping pants, always rule out medical cause, most common with anxiety disorder, disruptie behavior disorder, or developmental delay

Question 25

what is connors scale used for?

Answer 25

Dx of ADHD

Question 26

what is the most common primary sleep disorder in children?

Answer 26

sleep terror disorder- and sleepwalking

Question 27

what is the front line Tx of sleep disorder?

Answer 27

melatonin

Question 28

what does the criteria require for learning disorders?

Answer 28

substantial IQ- achievment discrepancy and significantly poor achievement compared to peers

Question 29

what makes up communication disorders?

Answer 29

language and speech disorders

- stuttering, phonologic disorder, mixed receptive- expressive language disorder, expressive language disorder