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Year 2 Child Health Care > Common disease affecting the child and mother > Flashcards

Common disease affecting the child and mother Flashcards

1
Q

What are risk factors for having a preterm baby?

A 
<6 month interval between childbirth and conception
IVF
Smoking
Drinking
Poor nutrition 
High BP
Diabetes
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2
Q

If there is early onset neonatal sepsis what are the likely causative organisms?

A

Group B strep

Gram -ve

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3
Q

If there is late onset neonatal sepsis what are the likely causative organisms?

A

Coagulase -ve Stap

Staph Aureus

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4
Q

What is RDS

A

Respiratory distress sydrome

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5
Q

What is the cuase of RDS?

A

Premature babies lungs haven’t developed properly and don’t produce enough surfactant.

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6
Q

What are some clinical signs of RDS?

A 
Grunting
Tachyopnea
Intefcostal recession
Nasal flaring 
Cyanosis
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7
Q

What is the mainstay of treatment for RDS?

A

Maternal steroids
Surfactant
Ventilation

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8
Q

What is the cause for engorged breasts?

A

Improper feeding technique leading to the stimulation to produce more milk without releasing any.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for engorged breasts?

A

NSAIDs and milk release

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10
Q

What are the two factors that make up growth monitoring?

A

Height and weight

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11
Q

When it comes to height what must be taken into account?

A

Familial - look at the parent are they both small

Constitutional - the child is small for their age but they are growing at a normal rate.

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12
Q

What can hint to an underlying endocrine cause resulting in a concern in growth?

A

Massively overweight and short stature

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13
Q

UTI’s are not common in young children? True or False?

A

False UTI’s are very common in young kids

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14
Q

Just like in later life females are more likely to develop UTI’s below the age of 1? True or false?

A

False males are most likely to develop a UTI under the age of 1.

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15
Q

What dictates the extent of further investigation in young children with a UTI?

A

Younger children are more at risk of complications
Nature and causative organism
Family history of UTI
General health

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16
Q

What is the most common causative organism in UTI infections?

A

E.coli

17
Q

What is the main fear when it comes to a UTI in a child?

A

Frequent or severe infection can lead to renal scarring which can cause high BP in later life.

18
Q

What are some red flag signs when a child presents with a UTI?

A 
Younger
Frequent UTI
Non E.coli pathogen 
Poor growth
Constipation
Spinal abnormality 
Raised BP
Abdominal mass
19
Q

What is constipation?

A

Pain or difficulty in defaecation

20
Q

What is soiling?

A

Escape of a stool into the clothing

21
Q

What is encopresis?

A

Passage of normal stools in abnormal places

22
Q

What is the treatment for constipation?

A

Laxatives
Attention to food
Toileting behaviour advice

23
Q

What is the main issue with constipation?

A

Can cause tiny anal fissures which bleed (worrying) and mean patients don’t want to defaecate.

24
Q

What is the red flag sign in new borns in regards to constipation?

A

Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hrs

25
Q

What is the main issue surrounding abdominal pain?

A

Most have no underlying medical cause, but linked to school absence and reduction in socialising

26
Q

What are three pathological causes of abdominal pain?

A

Coeliacs
IBD
Malrotation and volvulus

27
Q

What are some red flags that could accompany abdominal pain?

A 
Weight loss
GI bleeding
Diarrhoea and vomiting
Unexplained fever
Family history of IBD
Recurrent mouth ulcers
28
Q

What are some red flags for headaches?

A 
Headache upon waking
Worse with cough or bending 
Associated vomitng
Visual or gait disturbances
Cranial nerve palsy
29
Q

List some clinical signs that the heart murmur is innocent?

A

Quiet systolic low intensity beneath either clavicle

30
Q

What are some clinical signs that the heart murmur is pathological?

A

Diastolic
High intensity
Radiates throughout the chest

Year 2 Child Health Care (5 decks)

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