Common disease affecting the child and mother Flashcards
What are risk factors for having a preterm baby?
<6 month interval between childbirth and conception IVF Smoking Drinking Poor nutrition High BP Diabetes
If there is early onset neonatal sepsis what are the likely causative organisms?
Group B strep
Gram -ve
If there is late onset neonatal sepsis what are the likely causative organisms?
Coagulase -ve Stap
Staph Aureus
What is RDS
Respiratory distress sydrome
What is the cuase of RDS?
Premature babies lungs haven’t developed properly and don’t produce enough surfactant.
What are some clinical signs of RDS?
Grunting Tachyopnea Intefcostal recession Nasal flaring Cyanosis
What is the mainstay of treatment for RDS?
Maternal steroids
Surfactant
Ventilation
What is the cause for engorged breasts?
Improper feeding technique leading to the stimulation to produce more milk without releasing any.
What is the treatment for engorged breasts?
NSAIDs and milk release
What are the two factors that make up growth monitoring?
Height and weight
When it comes to height what must be taken into account?
Familial - look at the parent are they both small
Constitutional - the child is small for their age but they are growing at a normal rate.
What can hint to an underlying endocrine cause resulting in a concern in growth?
Massively overweight and short stature
UTI’s are not common in young children? True or False?
False UTI’s are very common in young kids
Just like in later life females are more likely to develop UTI’s below the age of 1? True or false?
False males are most likely to develop a UTI under the age of 1.
What dictates the extent of further investigation in young children with a UTI?
Younger children are more at risk of complications
Nature and causative organism
Family history of UTI
General health
What is the most common causative organism in UTI infections?
E.coli
What is the main fear when it comes to a UTI in a child?
Frequent or severe infection can lead to renal scarring which can cause high BP in later life.
What are some red flag signs when a child presents with a UTI?
Younger Frequent UTI Non E.coli pathogen Poor growth Constipation Spinal abnormality Raised BP Abdominal mass
What is constipation?
Pain or difficulty in defaecation
What is soiling?
Escape of a stool into the clothing
What is encopresis?
Passage of normal stools in abnormal places
What is the treatment for constipation?
Laxatives
Attention to food
Toileting behaviour advice
What is the main issue with constipation?
Can cause tiny anal fissures which bleed (worrying) and mean patients don’t want to defaecate.
What is the red flag sign in new borns in regards to constipation?
Failure to pass meconium within the first 24 hrs
What is the main issue surrounding abdominal pain?
Most have no underlying medical cause, but linked to school absence and reduction in socialising
What are three pathological causes of abdominal pain?
Coeliacs
IBD
Malrotation and volvulus
What are some red flags that could accompany abdominal pain?
Weight loss GI bleeding Diarrhoea and vomiting Unexplained fever Family history of IBD Recurrent mouth ulcers
What are some red flags for headaches?
Headache upon waking Worse with cough or bending Associated vomitng Visual or gait disturbances Cranial nerve palsy
List some clinical signs that the heart murmur is innocent?
Quiet systolic low intensity beneath either clavicle
What are some clinical signs that the heart murmur is pathological?
Diastolic
High intensity
Radiates throughout the chest
