Child Development Flashcards
What is a developmental milestone?
Key stages when a new skill develops
What is the median age for a developmental milestone?
The age by which 50% of the population have developed the skill.
What is the limit age for a developmental milestone?
The age by which 97.5% or 2SD of children have achieved the skill.
What are the main principles of development?
A continuous process
Sequence is always the same but rate varies
Generalised mass activity to more specific fine motor control
Cephalocaudal direction
What does cephalocaudal direction mean?
Develop from the head down
What are the key areas of development?
Gross motor
Fine motor
Language and hearing
Social behaviour and play
Within the key areas of development was is important to take into account?
That the rates can vary between the areas, normally if large improvements made in a one then slower progress is made in another.
Which two areas are more closely linked than the others?
Speech and hearing and fine motor
Need good motor control of the muscles of the tongue and mouth.
What are primitive reflexes?
Ingrained mechanisms that we are born with, would ave served a survival evolutionary benefit, need to be lost in order to develop.
What are some primitive reflexes?
Sucking and rooting - finding the nipple
Palmar and plantar grip - feet and hands grip to anything that touches them
ATNR - whichever way head faces when asleep arms is thrown out to stop rolling off things.
What is ATNR?
Asymmetric tonic neck reflex
What is a developmental delay?
Failure to reach milestones before limit age
What are the patterns of developmental delay?
Delay
Deviation
Digression
What are the types and common causes of Delay?
Global delay (affects all areas of development)- downs Specific delay - Duchennes muscular dystrophy
What is a common causes of deviation?
Autism
What are some common causes of regression ?
Retts syndrome or metabolic disorders
What are some red flags for developmental delay?
Asymmetry of movement Not reaching for objects by 6 months Unable to sit unsupported by 12 months Unable to walk by 18 months No speech by 18 months Loss of skills Vision or hearing worries
What is Duchennes muscular dystrophy?
X linked condition
Loss of muscular power leading to early death
Often referred in for delayed speech
What manoeuvre is associated with duchennes muscular dystrophy ?
Gowers manoeuvres
-linked to pelvic girdle weakness
What is cerebral palsy?
A group of conditions resulting in delayed muscular speech development.
What is hemiplegic?
Arm and leg on one side is affected
What is paraplegic?
Both legs are affected
What is diplegic?
Both legs and slight involvement somewhere else
What is quadriplegic?
Both arms and legs are affected
What else is cerebral palsy associated with?
Learning difficulties Epilepsy Visual and hearing impairments Communication difficulties Behavioural and feeding issues
What is. the autistic triad?
Communication, Social interaction, Flexibility of thought and imagination.
What other signs of autism are there?
Restricted or repetitive behaviours
Sensory difficulties e.g overload
