Common conditions of the eye

Question 1

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 1

Thin vascular membrane that covers the surface of the eye?

Question 2

What are the causes of conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

Bacterial or viral

Chemical irritation

Question 3

What are the symptoms of Infective conjunctivitis?

Answer 3

Red eye 
Purulent/Watery discharge
Itchy
Lid swelling
Gritty pain

Question 4

What are the symptoms of Allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 4

Mucoid/watery discharge
Pain
Itchy

Question 5

What is the treatment for conjunctivitis?

Answer 5

Topical antibiotics

Allergic - Avoid allergens

Question 6

What are the causes of stye hordeolum?

Answer 6

Infection of the eyelash follicules

Question 7

Whats the cause stye hordeolum external and what is the presentation

Answer 7

Infection of the sebaceous glands, red lump on outside o

Question 8

What is the cause of stye hordeolum internal

Answer 8

Infection of the Meibomain glands, red lump on the inside of the eye

Question 9

Describe the treatment for stye

Answer 9

Warm compress against the eye
Eye hygiene
Surgical intervention

Question 10

What are the causes of a cataract?

Answer 10

Old age, fibres never shed
No blood supply to the lens
Harmful UV lights

Question 11

What are the symptoms of catarcts

Answer 11

Progressive loss of vision

Squint vision

Question 12

What is the treatment of cataracts?

Answer 12

Photoemulsification

Question 13

What is the cause of Glaucoma?

Answer 13

Raised intraocular pressure, this leads to pressure on the optic nerve

Question 14

What are the symptoms of Glaucoma?

Answer 14

Gradual loss of peripheral vision

Question 15

What are the signs of Glaucoma?

Answer 15

Changes in the optic disc

Question 16

What is the treatment of Glaucoma

Answer 16

Eye drops to decrease IOP
- Prostoglandin analogous 
- Beta-Blockers
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Trabeculectomy 
-

Question 17

Name the normal route of the aqueous humour if it isnt blocked causing glaucoma

Answer 17

Aqueous humour secreted by the ciliary epithelium, passes through the trabecular meshwork and into the channel of schlemm where it finally drains into the aqueous veins

Question 18

What are the signs and symptoms of Angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 18

Symptoms :
Sudden onset, vision lost 
Signs:
Cornea hazy
Red eye
Pupil mid dilated

Question 19

How would you manage an actue episode?

Answer 19

Decrease IOP
- IV infusion Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
- Analgesics & Anti-Ametics
Iridotomy - Bypass blockage

Question 20

What are the causes of uveitis?

Answer 20

Isolated Illness
Presence of HLB-B27
TB
Ankylosing Spondylosis

Question 21

What are the signs and symtoms of Uveitis?

Answer 21

Anterior - ‘Floaters’, hazy cornea, Red, Painful, Photophobia, Small irregular pupil

Intermediate - Floaters
Posterior - Choroid is inflammed

Question 22

How do you treat uveitis?

Answer 22

Topical steroids

Dilating eye drops

Question 23

What is a corneal abrasion and how do you treat it?

Answer 23

Corneal abrasion is the tearing of the corneal epithelium , best seen using a fluorescence stain, topical antibiotics and analgesia best treat it

Question 24

What are the symptoms and sign’s of Scleritis?

Answer 24

Symptoms:
- Pain
- Redness
- Tender
Signs
- Nodule on eye

Question 25

What is the treatment of scleritis?

Answer 25

Systematic steroids

Question 26

What are the Signs and symptoms of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 26

Symptoms
- Redness
- Pain
- Diplopia 
- Malaise
- Large amounts of pus
- Reduced eye movement
Signs
- Proptosis

Question 27

How would you treat orbital cellulitis?

Answer 27

Admit to hospital
IV antibiotic’s
CT Scan
Pus drainage