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Pediatrics > Common Conditions > Flashcards

Common Conditions Flashcards

0
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bones
Inability to form type1 collagen
Tx: weight bearing, exercise muscle strength, positioning, padded extremity protectors

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1
Q

Name 2 cardiopulmonary dysfunctions in children

A

Congenital heart disease
Cystic fibrosis
Asthma

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2
Q

Scoliosis

A

More than 10 degrees of lateral curvature, not painful, 65-80 degrees can cause skin breakdown and cardiopulmonary dysfunction.
Tx: fusion, boston brace, TLSO, post op ADL adaptions

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3
Q

CP

A

Non progressive neuro motor and postural delay, causes premature birth, brain/ placenta damage, maternal toxins/infection. Presence of primitive reflexes, assymetry, clonus, seizures, poor sucking, language/ cognitive deficits, involuntary movement.
Tx: constraint induced, oral meds, support groups, botox, ROM, positioning, orthotics

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4
Q

Difference between generalized and partial seizues

A

Generalized involve entire cerebral cortex

Partial begin in one location and remain or can spread to generalized

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5
Q

Tonic clonic

Vs

Myoclonic

A

TC- most frequent, aura or sensation seizure is coming, loss of consciousness, rigid tonic body then rhythmic clonic contractions, incontinence, last for 5mins
MyoClonic- contractions by single muscle/ groups

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6
Q

Absence seizure

Vs

Akinetic

A

Absence- momentary loss of awareness and motor activity except eye blinking
Akinetic- loss of muscle tone

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7
Q

When seizure occurs how should child be positioned?

A

Sidelying

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8
Q

Duchennes muscular dystrophy

A

Most common and severe
Dystrophin deficiency, between 2-6yrs, proximal joint weakness= gowers sign, respiratory, cardiovascular deficiencies.
Tx: stretching, ROM, braces, maximize function, inhibit deformity

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9
Q

Spina bifida occulata

A

Most common
Most benign
No symptoms
Failure of posterior vertebral arch fusion, bony malformation

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10
Q

Spina bifida myelimeningocele

A

Most serious
Hernial protrusion of spinal fluid, nerves, and spinal cord
May cause sensory/ motor deficits below lesion and incontinence

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11
Q

Spina bifida Tx

A

Bracing, casting, ortho shoes, ambulation devices, skin care, urology, and diet education, medication management, bowel training, catheterization

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12
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Buildup of CSF in the brain ventricles

Lethargy, irritability, decreased reflexes, feeding, and tone, perceptual defecits, seizures
Tx: shunts

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13
Q

When is a child considered to have an intellectual disability (ID)?

A

If they score more than 2 standard deviations below normative age range

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14
Q

Autism

A

Neurobiological disorder in utero
Disturbances in social interaction, communication, behavoirs, SI processing.
Poor eye contact, no peer relationships, mute, echolalic speech, attachment to bizarre objects, flicking fingers, head rolling/ banging, body rocking
Tx: special ed, behavioral tx, slp, SI tx, social skills training, oral meds,

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15
Q

Aspergers

A

Same as autism but do not have speech deficits,
Typical cognitive skills, age appropriate self help skills,
Failure to convey clear thought, interest in letters and numbers, intellectualize feelings,

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16
Q

ADHD

A 
Heterogenous behavioral disorder
Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
Impairs ADLs and education
Ritalin
CBT, social skills, psychotherapy
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17
Q

Down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21; an extra chromosome 21
Specific mental and physical deficits
Short stocky nature, protruding abdomen, small head flattened at the back, slanted eyes, low ears, flat nose, mouth slightly opened, simian crease
Motor planing, language, and cognitive skills develop slow

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18
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin deficient
Onset is 10yrs
Polyuria, thirsty, weight loss, dehydrate
Balanced die, insulin injections and exercise

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19
Q

What is bradydactyly

A

Overly large digits

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20
Q

Arnold chiari

A

Portion of cerebellum and medulla slip through foramen magnum

21
Q

Tethered cord syndrome

A

Tail end of spinal cord is stretched from compression
Hairy patch of skin
Lower spine dimple

22
Q

Erbs palsy

A

Paralysis of upper brachial plexus, 5th and 6th cervical nerves.
Arm cannot flex
Positioning and ROM

23
Q

Klumpkes palsy

A

Paralysis of lower brachial plexus, C7-T1,

Paralysis of hand and wrist

24
Q

Partial or full absence of radius and bowing of ulna is?

A

Congenital club hand

25
Q

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

Thickening airway, restricted alveolar growth

26
Q

Inherited disorder

Malfunctioning glands and thick secretions, salty skin

A

Cystic fibrosis

27
Q

Anemia

A

Iron deficiency in the blood

28
Q

Marfans syndrome

AKA

A 
Arachondactyly
Excessive growth at epiphyseal plates
Long slender fingers
Body asymmetries
Tall
29
Q

Achondroplasia AKA

A

Dwarfism

30
Q 
Incomplete contracture (fibrous ankylosis) of joints at birth.
Stiff extremities
A

Arthrogryposis myltiplex congenital

31
Q

Absence of radius and ulnar bowing

A

Club hand

32
Q

Trendelenburgs sign

A

Childs hip drops to opposite side and trunk shifts

33
Q

Polydactyly

A

Excess fingers n toes

34
Q

Syndactyly

A

Webbed fingers and toes

35
Q

Bradydactyly

A

Large digits

36
Q

Amelia

A

Absence of limb or distal portion

37
Q

Muscle injury from excessive effort

A

Strain

38
Q

Ligament injury seen by swelling heat and impaired function

A

Sprain

39
Q

Which brace to use for
Kyohosis?

Scoliosis?

A

Milwaukee

Boston

40
Q

The presence of fibrous ankylosis is associated with?

A

Arthrogryposis

41
Q

Wry neck; neck muscle shortening is AKA?

A

Torticollis

42
Q

Injury to C5 and C6 nerve root brachial plexus.

Waiters tip position.

A

Erb duchenne’s palsy

43
Q

Compression traction of lower brachial plexus.
Claw hand.
Whole UE paralysis.

A

Klumpkes palsy

44
Q

Progressive neuro disorder in girls.
Handwringing
Waking hyperventilation

A

Rett syndrome

45
Q

Stout stature, low set ears, flat nose, simian crease

A

Trisomy 21 down syndrome

46
Q

Neck webbing, congenital edema, cardiac problems, short, no ID’s

A

Turners syndrome

47
Q 
Cat like infant cry
Microcephaly
FTT
ID
Hypotonia
A

Cri du chat

48
Q 
Food seeking behaviors
Hypotonia
Poor thermal regulation
Underdeveloped sex organs
Long face
A

Prader willi syndrome

49
Q

Inflammation of the brain.

A

Encephalitis

50
Q

Infection of tissues that cover the brain

A

Meningitis

51
Q

New or abnormal tissue growth/ tumor

A

Neoplasm

Pediatrics (7 decks)

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