Common Conditions Flashcards
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Brittle bones
Inability to form type1 collagen
Tx: weight bearing, exercise muscle strength, positioning, padded extremity protectors
Name 2 cardiopulmonary dysfunctions in children
Congenital heart disease
Cystic fibrosis
Asthma
Scoliosis
More than 10 degrees of lateral curvature, not painful, 65-80 degrees can cause skin breakdown and cardiopulmonary dysfunction.
Tx: fusion, boston brace, TLSO, post op ADL adaptions
CP
Non progressive neuro motor and postural delay, causes premature birth, brain/ placenta damage, maternal toxins/infection. Presence of primitive reflexes, assymetry, clonus, seizures, poor sucking, language/ cognitive deficits, involuntary movement.
Tx: constraint induced, oral meds, support groups, botox, ROM, positioning, orthotics
Difference between generalized and partial seizues
Generalized involve entire cerebral cortex
Partial begin in one location and remain or can spread to generalized
Tonic clonic
Vs
Myoclonic
TC- most frequent, aura or sensation seizure is coming, loss of consciousness, rigid tonic body then rhythmic clonic contractions, incontinence, last for 5mins
MyoClonic- contractions by single muscle/ groups
Absence seizure
Vs
Akinetic
Absence- momentary loss of awareness and motor activity except eye blinking
Akinetic- loss of muscle tone
When seizure occurs how should child be positioned?
Sidelying
Duchennes muscular dystrophy
Most common and severe
Dystrophin deficiency, between 2-6yrs, proximal joint weakness= gowers sign, respiratory, cardiovascular deficiencies.
Tx: stretching, ROM, braces, maximize function, inhibit deformity
Spina bifida occulata
Most common
Most benign
No symptoms
Failure of posterior vertebral arch fusion, bony malformation
Spina bifida myelimeningocele
Most serious
Hernial protrusion of spinal fluid, nerves, and spinal cord
May cause sensory/ motor deficits below lesion and incontinence
Spina bifida Tx
Bracing, casting, ortho shoes, ambulation devices, skin care, urology, and diet education, medication management, bowel training, catheterization
Hydrocephalus
Buildup of CSF in the brain ventricles
Lethargy, irritability, decreased reflexes, feeding, and tone, perceptual defecits, seizures
Tx: shunts
When is a child considered to have an intellectual disability (ID)?
If they score more than 2 standard deviations below normative age range
Autism
Neurobiological disorder in utero
Disturbances in social interaction, communication, behavoirs, SI processing.
Poor eye contact, no peer relationships, mute, echolalic speech, attachment to bizarre objects, flicking fingers, head rolling/ banging, body rocking
Tx: special ed, behavioral tx, slp, SI tx, social skills training, oral meds,
Aspergers
Same as autism but do not have speech deficits,
Typical cognitive skills, age appropriate self help skills,
Failure to convey clear thought, interest in letters and numbers, intellectualize feelings,
ADHD
Heterogenous behavioral disorder Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity Impairs ADLs and education Ritalin CBT, social skills, psychotherapy
Down syndrome
Trisomy 21; an extra chromosome 21
Specific mental and physical deficits
Short stocky nature, protruding abdomen, small head flattened at the back, slanted eyes, low ears, flat nose, mouth slightly opened, simian crease
Motor planing, language, and cognitive skills develop slow
Type 1 diabetes
Insulin deficient
Onset is 10yrs
Polyuria, thirsty, weight loss, dehydrate
Balanced die, insulin injections and exercise
What is bradydactyly
Overly large digits
Arnold chiari
Portion of cerebellum and medulla slip through foramen magnum
Tethered cord syndrome
Tail end of spinal cord is stretched from compression
Hairy patch of skin
Lower spine dimple
Erbs palsy
Paralysis of upper brachial plexus, 5th and 6th cervical nerves.
Arm cannot flex
Positioning and ROM
Klumpkes palsy
Paralysis of lower brachial plexus, C7-T1,
Paralysis of hand and wrist
Partial or full absence of radius and bowing of ulna is?
Congenital club hand
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Thickening airway, restricted alveolar growth
Inherited disorder
Malfunctioning glands and thick secretions, salty skin
Cystic fibrosis
Anemia
Iron deficiency in the blood
Marfans syndrome
AKA
Arachondactyly Excessive growth at epiphyseal plates Long slender fingers Body asymmetries Tall
Achondroplasia AKA
Dwarfism
Incomplete contracture (fibrous ankylosis) of joints at birth. Stiff extremities
Arthrogryposis myltiplex congenital
Absence of radius and ulnar bowing
Club hand
Trendelenburgs sign
Childs hip drops to opposite side and trunk shifts
Polydactyly
Excess fingers n toes
Syndactyly
Webbed fingers and toes
Bradydactyly
Large digits
Amelia
Absence of limb or distal portion
Muscle injury from excessive effort
Strain
Ligament injury seen by swelling heat and impaired function
Sprain
Which brace to use for
Kyohosis?
Scoliosis?
Milwaukee
Boston
The presence of fibrous ankylosis is associated with?
Arthrogryposis
Wry neck; neck muscle shortening is AKA?
Torticollis
Injury to C5 and C6 nerve root brachial plexus.
Waiters tip position.
Erb duchenne’s palsy
Compression traction of lower brachial plexus.
Claw hand.
Whole UE paralysis.
Klumpkes palsy
Progressive neuro disorder in girls.
Handwringing
Waking hyperventilation
Rett syndrome
Stout stature, low set ears, flat nose, simian crease
Trisomy 21 down syndrome
Neck webbing, congenital edema, cardiac problems, short, no ID’s
Turners syndrome
Cat like infant cry Microcephaly FTT ID Hypotonia
Cri du chat
Food seeking behaviors Hypotonia Poor thermal regulation Underdeveloped sex organs Long face
Prader willi syndrome
Inflammation of the brain.
Encephalitis
Infection of tissues that cover the brain
Meningitis
New or abnormal tissue growth/ tumor
Neoplasm
