Common Conditions Flashcards
Migraines
unilateral and pulsating severe headache
progress through 4 stages (Prodrome, Aura, HA, Post-drome)
Migraine without Aura - Key features
HA:
- attacks last 4-72hrs
- attacks are recurrent
- unilateral
- pulsating quality
- moderate or severe intensity
- aggravation by routine physical activity
Associated manifestations:
- nausea and/or Photophobia and phonophobia
Migraine with Aura - Key features
- recurrent headache disorder
Aura features: - unilateral, fully reversible visual, sensory or other central nervous system symptoms
- symptoms develop gradually
- lasts minutes
HA features: - usually follows aura
- usually accompanied by associated migraine symptoms
Tension Type Headache - key features
- typically bilateral
- pressing or tightening in quality
- mild to moderate intensity
- lasts minutes to days
- pain does not worsen with routine physical activity
- not associated with nausea
- photophobia or phono-phobia may be present
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs)
most common subtype is cluster headaches
key features:
- occur in cyclical patterns or cluster periods
- attacks lasting 15-180 minutes
- attacks occur from once every other day to eight times a day
- severe, excruciating, strictly unilateral pain
- pain may be in one or a combination of the following sites: orbital, supraorbital, temporal
Associated features:
- more common in men, ages 20-50
- ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema, and/or restlessness or agitation
Cervicogenic Headache - key features
HA associated with neck pain
- unilateral headache without side-shift
- pain triggered by neck movement or sustained awkward posture and/or external pressure of the posterior neck or occipital region
- pain episodes of varying duration or fluctuating continuous pain
- moderate pain, usually of a non throbbing nature
- pain starting in the neck, spreading to oculo-fronto-temporal areas
