Common Blood Groups Flashcards
Two major antigen of Kell system
K (Kell)
k (cellano)
Where is KEL gene located?
Chromosome 7
Kell antigens are highly abundant in which part of the body?
Testes
At how many weeks of gestation can we see the Kell antigens?
As early as 7 weeks
Modified true or false:
The k antigen is very immunogenic, and it can cause severe hemolytic disorder of the fetus and the newborn
False. K antigen
What are the two other Kell antigens?
Kp antigen
Js antigen
Type of Kp antigen that has a low frequency
Kpa (penney)
Type of Kp antigen that has a high frequency
Kpb (Rauttenberg)
Type of Js antigen that has a low frequency
Jsa
Type of Js antigen that has a high frequency
Jsb
Kell antigens have ______ on the glycoproteins
Disulfide-bonded regions
Kell antigen is sensitive to what?
Sulfhydryl reagents
A phenotype that lacks the expression of all Kell antigens
K0 (zero)
Kell null individuals produce an antibody called _____
Anti-Ku (KEL5)
Anti-K is produced by individuals with _____
k antigen
What type of immunoglobulin is Anti-K?
IgG
Naturally occuring IgM of Anti-K is associated with what?
Bacterial infections
What does the Anti-K do to the body?
Destroys the erythroid precursor cells leading to:
Supression of erythropoiesis
Reticulocytopenia
Anemia
ISBT number of XK
019
What gene is located at the X chromosome?
XK1 gene
Modified true or false:
Kx antigen is dependent on Kell antigens
False. Kell antigen is dependent on Kx antigens
Kx antigen is present in all RBCs except for _______
McLeod phenotype
Kx is increased in individuals with ____
K0
What is McLeod syndrome?
Absence of Kx & Km antigens. Still have the other Kell antigens but weakened
McLeod syndrome is associated with several mutations in the _____
XK lotus
Poikilocyte caused by McLeod syndrome
Acanthocytes
Disease associated with McLeod syndrome
Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
McLeod syndrome is common among _____. This syndrome is ___ linked
White males
X
ISBT number of the Duffy blood group
008
What are the 2 major antigens in the Duffy BGS?
Fya & Fyb
What gene is responsible for encoding the Duffy antigen?
ACKR1
In which chromosome is the Duffy gene located?
Chromosome 1
At how many weeks of gestation can the Duffy antigen be identified?
6 weeks
Modified true or false:
Duffy antigens (Fya & Fyb) are desroyed by enzymes
True
Amino acid for Fya
Glycine
Amino acid for Fyb
Aspartate
What is the receptor protein for P. vivax?
ACKR1 / DARC
Modified true or false
An individual with Fya+ & Fyb+ is resistant to malaria
False. Fya- & Fyb-
Fy null gene is a mutated variant of what gene?
Fyb gene
What is the antigenic precursor of Fya & Fyb?
Fy3
Inherited weak form of Fyb
FyX
ISBT number of Kidd BGS
009
Chromosome responsible for Jk locus
Chromosome 18
Silent gene of Kidd BGS
Jk gene
What are the 2 codominant alleles of Kidd BGS?
Jka & Jkb
Among Kidd, Duffy, and Kell blood groups, which one is not very immunogenic?
Kidd BGS
Jka is detected at how many weekz of gestation?
11 weeks
Jkb is detected at how many weekz of gestation?
7 weeks
What is the common cause of delayed HTR?
Kidd antibodies
How to detect Kidd antibodies?
Low Ionic Strength Solution (LISS) or Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
ISBT number of Lutheran BGS
005
Which chromosome is responsible for the Lu genes?
Chromosome 19
What are the 2 codominant alleles for the Lutheran BGS?
Lua & Lub
Lu genes are detectable at how many weeks of gestation?
10-12 weeks
What phenotype lacks the expression of Kell antigens?
K0
Type of Immunoglobulin for Anti-Lua
IgM, rarely IgG
Blood group with rare or mild HTR & HDN
Lutheran BGS
