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DD Test 2 LOs > Common Bacterial Pathogens > Flashcards

Common Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Gram (+) Cocci Grows in clusters (like Grapes)

Endogenous and Exogenous source of disease

Disease dependent on strain and circumstances

Makes Coagulase

Drug Resistance- Penicillin-r, Methicillin-r, vancomycin-r Cutneous, Toxinogenic and Pneumonia infections

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2
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Gram (+) Cocci, a SSNA (Staph Species not aureus)

Skin Flora

Biofilm formation (glycocalyx)

Adheres to foreign bodies

Treatment is usually removal of foreign devices

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3
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Group A Strep

Lancefield Group: B-hemolytic strep

Normal flora in subset of population

Strep Throat can lead to glomerulonephritis and Rheumatic Fever

Toxinogenic

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4
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Gram Positive diplococus

Normal Flora in UR tract of 40%

Leads to:

Noninvasive: pneumonia, sinusitis,

nvasive: meningitis, septicemia

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5
Q

Enterococccus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium

A

Gram Positive diplococcus

ses enterococcal infections

Urinary tract, surgical and biliary tract infections

Cause of nosocomal infections

Mixed infection

Intrinsic and emerging acquired resistance

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6
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Gram Positive Rod

Anaerobic Spore forming- not killed by alcohol

Typically hospital acquired

Part of the normal flora in 10%

Resistant to a lot of drugs

Diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis

Normal flora is suppressed by atbx treatment, so C. diff proliferates

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7
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Gram (+)

Strict anaerobe

Spore formation

Localized infection

Toxin infection

Blocks INHIBITORY interneurons (important for relaxation)

Natural Immunity DNE

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8
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Gram (+)

Toxin targets achetylcholine transmission (flaccid paralysis)

Common in home canned, but normaly soil

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9
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Gram (+)

Anaerobic

Cause of gas gangrene

Wound infection (cellulitis, to fasciitis, to myonecrosis)

Alpha toxin kills neutrophils

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10
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Gram (-) Rod

Normal GI flora

GI disease- depends on strain

ATBX treatment is not usually indicated

Also UTIs

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11
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram (-) Rod

Environmental organism

Infects traumatic injuries, surg woudns and burns

Cystic Fibrosis lungs

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12
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Gram (-) dipplococci

Lots of antigenic variation

Infecitvity ffacilitated by pili

Adhere, interfere with neutro killing

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13
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

Aero tolerant

Gram(-) Rod

Lives in your mouth and tissues adjacent to oral cavity

Virulence factors: tissue destruction enzymes, capsule, superoxide dismutase

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14
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Intracellular bacteria (obligate)

Elementary body (infecitous particle)

Causes trachoma (blindness) and genital infections

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15
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

No cell walls

Amorpheus

Atypical pneumonia

Adheres to respiratory epi cells, extracellular

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16
Q

Cutaneous infections

A

Localized focal abscess

Bacteria need to adhere, have pore forming toxins, impair phagocytosis, wall itself off

17
Q

Protein A

A

Cellbound/Secreted protein that attaches to the Fc portion of antibodies and downregulates phagocytosis

18
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

Local infection, toxin mediated, systemic effects

Mediated by a serine protease for desmoglein I, a protein responsible for the adherence between the epidermis and the dermis

More widespread in children, localized in adults

19
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome- TSST

A

Local infection, toxin mediated (super antigen)

Staph A main cause, sometimes streptococci

Requires O2, neutral pH, high protein concentration

High fever, shock, vomiting, muscle, eventually leading to multiple organ failure

20
Q

Staph Food Poisoning

A

Ingestion of superantigen toxin Vomiting and diarrhea

21
Q

Super Antigen

A

Even in the absence of a specific antigen, it facilitates the binding of the MHC molecule and T-cell receptor and activates it without an actual antigen

22
Q

Streptococci

A

Catalase negative Chains or pairs Gram (+) S. pyogenes S. pneumoniae E. faecalis E. faecium

23
Q

Streptococcal Pharyngitis “Strep Throat”

A

S. pyogenes

Asymptomatic carriers possible

Spread by droplet/nasal secretions

Self limiting

Post infection can lead to glomerulonephritis and/or Rheumatic

Fever Bugs need to: adhere (M-protein), invade, reduce phagocytosis (M-protein)

24
Q

M Protein on Strep

A

Helps with Adhesion

Antiphagocytic properties- Binds factor H (surface marker on a lot of cells), reduces C3b (reduction in opsoninization) on surface and produces C5a peptidase (anaphylotoxin and chemotaxin) Strep antibodies tend to target this

25
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A

Some M-types associated with rheumatic fever

Shares antigenic similarity with protein components in heart and heart valve

26
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Non a specific antigen or antibody and it’s filtered out by the kidney, where it deposits on the basement membrane

Complement mediated damager

27
Q

Infective Endocarditis

A

Infection of heart valves S, aureus

VIridans Streptococci

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

28
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae Pathogenesis

A

Capsule- antiphagocytic, plosysaccharide, 91 antigenic types

Anti-capsular antibody for recovery Multiple types of this capsule T-Cell independent antigen

29
Q

Pneumococcal Disease Predisposing factors

A

Young (<6mo) and old Alcoholism (mucocillary defect)

Respiratory Viral Infection

30
Q

Pneumococcal Vaccine

A

23-Valent vaccine for adults

Good against invasive diseases but not pneumonias 7-,13- valent for kids (more dependent on herd immunity)

Conjugate them to immunogenic carrier proteins (eg. diptheria)!

That’s how this works for kids

31
Q
A

Staphylococcus aureus

Note:

Gram positive cocci

“Grapes”

32
Q
A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Note: They form a biofilm

33
Q
A

Staphylococcus pyogenes

34
Q
A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Note:

Diplococcus

35
Q
A

Enterococcus faecalis /faecium

DD Test 2 LOs (10 decks)

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