Comfort and Rest Pharmacology

Question 1

Classifications of medications for sleep disorders

Answer 1

Benzodiazepines-
**Temazepam (Restoril); Triaxolam  (Halcion)
Benzodiazipine-Receptor-like-Agents
**Zolpidem (Ambien); Zaleplon (Sonata); Eszopiclone **(Lunesta)
Melatonin-Receptor Agonist
**Ramelteon (Rozerem)
Antidepressants
**Trazodone
Antihistamines
**Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Question 2

Side Effects of Benzodiazepines

Answer 2

drowsiness
dizziness
confusion
anziety

Question 3

Herb interactions with benzodiazepines

Answer 3

Kava and Valerian

Question 4

Benzodiazepine-receptor-like agents Medications

Answer 4

zopidem (ambien)
Zaleplo (sonata)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

Question 5

Benzodiazepine Receptor Like Agents are highly specific to what

Answer 5

GABA receptors

Question 6

Local Anesthesia

Answer 6

Local amide - lidocain (Xylocaine)

Local ester - procaine (novocaine) and benzocaine (Americaine)

Question 7

General Systemic Anesthesia Med

Answer 7

sodium thiopental (Pentothal)

Question 8

Drug Classifcations used in General Anesthesia

Answer 8

Benzodiazepines

Opioids to supplement benzo

Question 9

Benzodiazepines prototype med

Answer 9

Midazolam (Versed)
Other:
diazepam (Valium)

Question 10

Benzo SE

Answer 10

amnesia from time of injection to time of reversal

cardiac and resp. arrest

Question 11

Benzo CI

Answer 11

Pregnancy risk category D
sensitivity
acute narrow angle glaucoma
Caution:
Parkinson's disease
cardiac, pulmonary, renal disorders

Question 12

Preventative Migraine Medications

Answer 12

Beta blockers
Tricyclic antidepressants
antiemetics
estrogens

Question 13

Abortive Migraine Medications

Answer 13

Analgesics - comfort

Triptans ex. Imatrex

Question 14

Other Migraine Medications

Answer 14

Ergot Alkaloids - cerebral vasoconstriction

Serotonin Agonists - vasoconstriction

Question 15

Migraine Medication side effects

Answer 15

chest pressure/heaviness
coronary vasospasm (causing anginal pain)
CNS effects (tingling, vertigo)

Notify provider immed. for chest pressure or tightness/heaviness in back, jaw, or throat that is not immed. relieved.

Question 16

Migraine Medication CI

Answer 16

Coronary artery disease
angina
previous MI
severe hypertension
PVD
CVA
Caution: liver or kidney insufficiency

Question 17

Teaching for Migraine med

Answer 17

Take as soon as you feel a migraine. The sooner you take it the better the effect.

Question 18

What are pain mediating chemicals?

Answer 18

substance p
prostaglandins
bradykinins
histamine

Question 19

Body’s natural pain killers

Answer 19

endorphins

beta blockers

Question 20

Mu receptor

Answer 20

analgesia, euphoria, sedation
respiratory depression
physical dependance

Question 21

Kappa receptor

Answer 21

analgesia, sedation

psychic effects

Question 22

Delta receptor

Answer 22

no pharmacology-related effects

Question 23

3 categories of meds to support pain treatment

Answer 23

Nonopioid
Opioid
Adjuvant

Question 24

Nonopioids

Answer 24

Analgesic ceiling
No tolerance or addiction
NSAIDs
Acetaminophen
Aspirin

Question 25

Non-opioids COX inhibitor effects

Answer 25

gastric ulceration
bleeding tendencies (GI)
renal impairment
protection against MI and CVA
suppression of inflammation
alleviate pain
reduction of fever

Question 26

Opioids bind to which receptors?

Answer 26

Mu and Kappa

Question 27

Common SE of opioids

Answer 27

constipation (most common)
nausea/vomiting
sedation
respiratory depression
pruritus
urinary retention

Question 28

Opioid drug interaction concerns

Answer 28

CNS depressants
Anticholinergic drugs: exacerbate constipation and urinary retention
Hypotensive drugs: exacerbate hypotension
MAOI: delirium, convulsions and severe resp. depression

Question 29

Equianalgesic

Answer 29

Converting equal dosage from oral to IV