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---Chemistry--- by me:) Yr8 > Combining Elements > Flashcards

Combining Elements Flashcards

To learn what compunds, elements and mixtures are. Learn what word equations and symbol equations are.

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1
Q

Definition of H2O

A

It is the element for water, made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

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2
Q

Defintion of CO2

A

It is the element for carbon dioxide, it is made from 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms

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3
Q

What is a compund?

A

A compound is a substance made from different elements chemically joined together

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4
Q

Give the 5 main examples of a compund

A 
E.g--- water
E.g--- carbon dioxide 
E.g--- salt
E.g--- chlorine 
E g--- sodium
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5
Q

How would u draw hydrochloric acid as a molecule atom?

A

You would draw 1 hydrogen atom connected with a bond with 1 chlorine atom

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6
Q

How would you draw oxygen as a molecule atom? And what kind of bond is it and why?

A

You would draw it with 2 oxygen atoms connected with a bond between them. This element is an example of a double bond because you are using the same element twice.

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7
Q

What makes up methane? And what is its symbol?

A

Its made from 4 hydrogen atoms and 1 carbon atom and its symbol is CH4

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8
Q

What is the symbol for sodium chloride and what elements is it made from?

A

NaCI—> 1 sodium and 1 chlorine

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9
Q

What is the symbol for copper sulphate and what elements make it?

A

CuSO4—> 1 copper, 1 sulphur and 1 oxygen

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10
Q

What is the symbol for hydrochloric acid and what elements create it?

A

HCI—> Hydrogen and chlorine

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11
Q

What is the symbol for silver nitrate and what elements are made up of it?

A

AgNO3—> 1 silver, 1 nitrogen and oxygen

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12
Q

What is ammonia as a symbol?, what elements is it made of and is it a compound or an element?

A

Symbol— NH3
The elements that make it are 3 hydrogens and 1 nitrogen
It is a compound

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13
Q

What is the symbol for sulfur dioxide?, what are the elements that make it and is it a compound or an element?

A

Symbol— SO2
Its made up from 2 oxygen and 1 sulfur
Its a compound

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14
Q

What are the reactants and products of calcium carbonate+ hydrochloric acid—> calcium chloride+ carbon dioxide+ water

A

Reactants= calcium carbonate+hydrochloric acid

Products=calcium chloride+ carbon dioxide+ water

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15
Q

What are the products and reactants of zinc+ copper sulphate—> solid copper+ zinc sulphate

A

Products= solid copper+ zinc sulphate

Reactants= zinc+ copper sulphate

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16
Q

What are the reactants and products of magnesium+ sulphric acid—> magnesium sulphate+ hydrogen

A

Reactants= magnesium+ sulphric acid

Products= magnesium sulphate+ hydrogen

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17
Q

What are the reactants and products of magnesium+ water—> magnesium oxide+ hydrogen

A

Reactants= magnesium+ water

Products= magnesium oxide+ hydrogen

Reactants= magnesium+ water

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18
Q

What is the mass of conservation?

A

The mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of reactants in the equation

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19
Q

What is the mass equation for carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon= 12g
Oxygen= 16g ×2
Total mass=44g

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20
Q

What’s the formula(symbol) for nitric acid and what is it made from?

A

HNO3—> made from 1 hydrogen atom, 1 nitrogen atom and 3 oxygen atoms

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21
Q

What is the formula(symbol) for sulphric acid and what is it made from?

A

H2SO4—> made from 2 hydrogens, 1 sulphur and 4 oxygens

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22
Q

What is iron?

A

Magnetic, solid, small

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23
Q

What is sulphur?

A

Non-magnetic, solid, yellow powder

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24
Q

What does iron and sulphur make and how many of each is needed?

A

1 iron and 2 sulphur molecules when heated up will bond together to form a compound also known as iron sulfide( fool’s gold).
Iron+sulfur—>iron sulfide

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25
Q

Carbon+______ —-> carbon dioxide

Complete the word equation.

A

Carbon + oxygen—-> carbon dioxide

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26
Q

_______ + oxygen—> iron oxide

Complete the word equation.

A

Iron + oxygen—> iron oxide

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27
Q

Sulfur+ oxygen—>_______

Complete the word equation

A

Sulfur + oxygen—> sulfur dioxide

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28
Q

What are the 3 signs that a chemical reaction is taking place?

A

The change of colour
When you see a difference in temperature
When you can see bubbles/ fizzing occurring

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29
Q

What is the formula of aluninium oxide?

A

AI203

30
Q

How would you balance AI + O2—> AI2 03?

A

You have 1 AI(aluminium) and 2 oxygen for the reactants side and you have 2 AI and 3 oxygen, so you would change the first AI on the reactants side to a 4 AI and 3O2 and then keep 2 AI for the product and keep O3 to have 3 oxygens,now its balanced

31
Q

Balance N2+ H2—> NH3

A

You have 2 nitrogens and 2 hydrogens for your reactants and for your products you have 1 nitrogen and 3 Hydrogens so first you change the 1 nitogen in the products by having 2N and keep the 3 hydrogens on that side but then u must change the 2 hydrogens to the 3 hydrogens to 3H2 for the reactants so now you have 2 nitrogens and 6 hydrogens, its balanced

32
Q 
Compelte the word equation.
Sodium hydroxide+hydrochloric acid
NaOH.                                  HCI
--->\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.   +    \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
     \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_           \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Sodium chloride + water

NaCI. H2O

33
Q

In experiment 1, molly put 2 beakers on a balance. One contained 20cm of hydrochloric acid and other one had 20cm of sodium hydroxide. The total mass was 163.5g. She poured the(hydrochloric) acid onto the sodium hydroxide solution,they reacted but did NOT change(it still read 163.5g),why did the reading not change?

A

Its because she used the same hydrochloric acid she already had so after it reacted with the sodium hydroxide it wouldn’t have changed beacuse you used the same chemical and measurements she already had, she didnt add anything different.

34
Q

In experiment 2, molly put 2 beakerson a balance. One contained 20cm of hydrochloric acid. The other contained 5g of sodium carbonate. She poured the (hydrochloric) acid onto the sodium carbonate. They reacted. Complete the word equation with the names of the other 3 products.

A

Sodium carbonate+ hydrochloric acid—> sodium chloride+carbon dioxide+ water

35
Q

Pt2:)The total mass at the start was 149.0g. When the reaction stopped,the reading on the balance was 147.0g. Why was there a loss of mass?

A

Because the gas escaped,which means mass went down

36
Q

What 3 main columns are diatomic elemants found in the periodic table?

A

Columns are: 7 and some in 6 and 5

37
Q

What are diatomic elements?

A

They are elements that are all found to have pairs e.g nitrogen

38
Q

What are columns and rows called on a periodic table?

A 
Columns= groups
Rows= periods
39
Q

What is the mass number and what is the atomic number mean in an element?

A

The mass number is always the biggest number(or the number always on the top)

The atomic number represents how many protons there are.

40
Q

What are the charges of: a proton, a neutron and an electron?

A 
Proton= +1( positive)
Neutron= 0( neutral)
Electron= -1(negative)
41
Q

Describe the element aluminium

A

Symbol= AI
Group 3
Period= 3
It is a metal, used to make kitchen utensils
Good electrical conductor,silvery hard solid

42
Q

Describe the element boron

A 
Symbol=B
Group= 3
Period=2
Non-metal, hard solid, low density
Used to make bullet-proof vests
High melting point
43
Q

Describe the element strontium

A 
Symbol= Sr
Group=2
Period= 5
Metal, soft silvery, radioactive
Used to make alloys for engineers 
Good conductor of heat, burns in air
44
Q

Describe the element calcium

A 
Symbol= Ca
Group=2
Period= 4
Metal, soft,reactive
Used as a deoxider in steel 
Dull when exposed to oxygen, found in compunds: limestone, water and marble
45
Q

Describe the element rubidium

A 
Symbol= Rb
Group=1
Period=5
Metal, shiny
Used to remove oxygen from vaccum tubes reacts with oxygen in air to be stored as oil
46
Q

Describe the element lithium

A 
Symbol= Li
Group=1
Period= 2
Metal, shiny
Used to make lubricants and alloys
Cuts easily with a knife 
Lithium+ water---> lithium hydroxide+ water
47
Q

Describe the element chlorine

A 
Symbol=CI
Group=7
Period=3
Diatomic element, very reactive
Yellow-green toxic gas, very low melting point
48
Q

Describe the element fluorine

A 
Symbol= F
Group= 7
Period= 2
Diatomic element, very reactive
Used in toothpaste
Pale-yellow highly toxic gas 
Very low melting/boiling point
49
Q

Describe the element carbon

A 
Symbol=C
Group= 4
Period= 2
Non-metal
Used to conduct electricity
High melting point
50
Q

Describe the element silicon

A 
Symbol=Si
Group= 4
Period= 3
Semi-metal
Used in electronics and computers
51
Q

Describe the element nitrogen

A 
Symbol= N
Group= 5
Period= 2
Non-metal 
Used for ammonia and plant fertilisers
52
Q

Describe the element phosphorus

A 
Symbol= P
Group=5
Period=3
Non-metal
Used for plant fertilisers and ends of matches
53
Q

Describe the element oxygen

A 
Symbol= O
Group= 6
Period= 2
Non-metal
Used for every living organisim and for burning things
54
Q

Describe the element sulphur

A 
Symbol= S
Group=6
Period = 3
Non-metal
Used to make fireworks
55
Q

Describe the element helium

A 
Symbol= He
Group=0
Period= 1
Non-metal
Used for baloons
56
Q

Describe the element Neon

A

Symbol=Ne
Group= 0
Period= 2
Used in neon signs

57
Q

Who was Döbreiner and wat did he do?

A

German scientist,Johan Döbreiner was one of the first to think about grouping elements into sub-groups of 3

An example of his groups are:chlorine,bromine and iodine because they behaved similarly. He calculated that atomic weight of bromine was approximately the same average of chlorine and iodine
His new elements:caesium(1860), fluorine(1886) and geranium(1886) didnt fit into a group so they werent accepted at first.

58
Q

Who was Newlands and what did he do?

A

English scientist, who looked at chemical elements from the lowest to the highest ad spotted every eighth element had similiar chemical and physical properties.(1864)

He grouped them into groups of 8

59
Q

Who was mendeleev and what did he do?

A

Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, ranked the elements according to their atomic mass, he lokked fpr repeated pattterns
Where there were no gaps, he was confident in his ideas that not only did he leave a space but predict that had been not yet discovered
The last groups of elements to be discovered were noble gases, this was because they were increative

60
Q

How do you find the protons, electrons and neutrons in an element?

A

You find the protons and electrons by using the atomic number( the bottom number) for both and to find the neutron, you subtract the two numbers of the element.

61
Q

What does the group number tell you?

A

It tells us how many electrons it has in its outer shell

62
Q

Why are group 1 metals stored in oil?

A

Its because if it was to react with oxygen, it would react very strongly.

63
Q

What happens when lithium reacts with water?

A

It fizzes, gas is produced and reacts normally

64
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with water?

A

It smokes, fizzes and reacts slightly faster

65
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

A

It sparks, smokes and reacted the fastest

66
Q

What happens when calcium reacts with water?

A

It fizzes, gas is produced and reacts the slowest.

67
Q

What colour does the water go after all the previous chemicals have reacted with universal indicator?

A

It turns the colour blue

68
Q

What is the pattern in this experiment?

A

The reactivity of group 1 metals used increases as you go down the group.

69
Q

How much is the first shell worth of electrons?

A

Its worth 2 electrons

70
Q

How much after the 2nd shell would it be worth?

A

It would be worthy of 8 electrons

---Chemistry--- by me:) Yr8 (6 decks)

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