Column

Question 1

A rigid relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support axial compressive loads applied at the member ends .

Answer 1

Column

Question 2

A thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than by buckling failure occurs when the direct stress from an axial load exceeds the compressive strength of the material available in the cross section An eccentric load however can produce bending and result in an uneven stress distribution in the section.

Answer 2

short column

Question 3

A column having a mood of failure between that of a short column and a long column often partly inelastic by crushing and partly elastic buckling.

Answer 3

Intermediate column

Question 4

A slender column subject to failure by buckling rather than by crushing.

Answer 4

Long column

Question 5

The ratio of the effective length of a column to its least radius of gyration the higher the slenderness ratio the lower is the critical stress that will cause buckling A primary objective in the design of a column is to reduce its slenderness ratio by minimizing the radius of gyration of its cross section.

Answer 5

Slenderness ratio

Question 6

The critical buckling load for a column divided by the area of its cross section.

Answer 6

Critical buckling stress

Question 7

The critical point at which a column, carrying its critical buckling load, may either buckle or remain undeflected. .The column is therefore in a state of natural equilibrium.

Answer 7

Bifurcation

Question 8

An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure , usually of brick or stone used as building support or standing alone as a monument.

Answer 8

Pillar

Question 9

A stiff vertical support, esp. a wooden column in timber framing,

Answer 9

Post

Question 10

The sudden lateral or torsional instability of a slender structural member induced by the action of a compressive load

Answer 10

Buckling (It can occur well before the yield stress of the material is reached).

Question 11

The axial load at which a column begins to deflect laterally and becomes unstable.

Answer 11

Buckling load

Question 12

The maximum axial load that can theoretically be applied to a column without causing it to buckle.

Answer 12

Critical buckling load (The critical buckling load for a column is inversely proportional to the square of its effective length and directly proportional to the modulus of elasticity of the material of the and to the moment of inertia of the cross section. Also called Euler buckling load.

Question 13

The radial distance from any axis to a point at which the mass of a body could be concentrated without altering the moment of inertia of the body about that axis.

Answer 13

Radius of gyration (For a structural section, the radius of gyration is equal to the square root of the quotient of the moment of inertia and the area).

Question 14

The amount by which an axis deviates from another parallel axis.

Answer 14

Eccentricity

Question 15

An additional moment developed in a structural member as its longitudinal axis deviates from the line of action of a compressive force, equal to the product of the load and the member deflection at any point.

Answer 15

P-delta effect

Question 16

The proposition that a compressive load should be located within the middle third of a horizontal section of a column or wall to prevent tensile stresses from developing in the section.

Answer 16

Middle third rule

Question 17

The distance between inflection points in a column subject to buckling.

Answer 17

Effective length (It determines its critical buckling load. when this portion of a column buckles, the entire column falls.

Question 18

The coefficient for modifying the actual length of a column according to its end conditions in order to determine its effective length.

Answer 18

Effective length factor (Fixing both ends of a long column reduces its effective length by half and increases its load carrying capacity by a factor of 4.)

Question 19

A set of tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the superposition of axial and bending stresses at cross section of a structural member, acting in the same direction and equal at any point to their algebraic sum,

Answer 19

Combined stresses

Question 20

The central area of any horizontal section of a column or wall within which the resultant of all compressive loads must pass if only compressive stresses are to be present in the section. A compressive load applied beyond this area will cause tensile stresses to develop in the section.

Answer 20

Kern / Kern area

Question 21

A point on either side of the centroidal axis of a horizontal column or wall section defining the limits of the kern area

Answer 21

Kern point

Question 22

The bracing of a column or other compression member to reduce its effective length.

Answer 22

Lateral bracing - is most effective when the bracing pattern occurs in more than one plane.

Question 23

The distance between the points at which a structural member is braced against buckling in a direction normal to its length.

Answer 23

Unbraced length