Column 2

Question 1

bacteria

Answer 1

one of the three taxonomic domains of life consisting of unicellular prokaryotes distinguished by cell walls composed largely of peptidoglycan, plasma membranes similar to those of eukaryotic cells, and ribosomes and RNA polymerase that differ from those in Archean or eukaryotes

Question 2

gram stain

Answer 2

a dye that distinguishes the two general types of cells found in bacteria. Used to routinely classify bacteria as gram-negative or gram positive

Question 3

cell wall

Answer 3

a fibrous layer found outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria and archaea and many eukaryotes

Question 4

peptidoglycan

Answer 4

a complex structural polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls

Question 5

phototroph

Answer 5

an organism that produces ATP through photosynthesis

Question 6

chemoorganotrophs

Answer 6

an organism that produces ATP by oxidizing organic molecules with high potential energy such as sugars

Question 7

chemolithotrophs

Answer 7

an organism that produces ATP by oxidizing inorganic molecules with high potential energy such as ammonia and methane

Question 8

autotroph

Answer 8

an organism that can synthesize reduced organic compounds from simple inorganic sources such as carbon dioxide and methane. Most plants and bacteria and some archaea are autotrophs

Question 9

heterotrophs

Answer 9

an organism that cannot synthesize reduced organic compounds from inorganic sources and must attain themselves by eating other organisms. Animals and some fungi and archaea are hetrotrophs

Question 10

cellular respiration

Answer 10

a common pathway for production of ATP, involving trasnfer of electrons from compounds of high potential energy to an electron transport chain and ultimately to an electron acceptor(oxygen)

Question 11

aerobic respiration

Answer 11

a method of respiration in which oxygen is used as an electron acceptor

Question 12

anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

a method of respiration in which another substance besides oxygen is used as an electron acceptor

Question 13

electron donor

Answer 13

a reactant that loses an electron and is oxidized in a reduction-oxidation reaction

Question 14

fermentation

Answer 14

any of several metabolic pathways that make ATP by transferring electrons from a reduced compound such as glucose to a final electron acceptor other than oxygen. Allows glycolysis to proceed in the absence of oxygen

Question 15

photosynthesis

Answer 15

the complex biological process that converts the energy of light into chemical energy stored in glucose and other organic molecules, occurs in algae plants and some bacteria

Question 16

Oxygenic photosynthesis

Answer 16

photosynthesis in plants algae and cyanobacteria which involves photosystem 2 is considered oxygenic, produces oxygen

Question 17

anoxygenic photosynthesis

Answer 17

photosynthesis in purple sulfur and purple nonsulfur bacteria that are not in photosystem 2 are anoxygenic because they do not produce oxygen

Question 18

calvin cycle

Answer 18

in photosynthesis, the set of light-independent reactions that use NADPH and ATP formed in the light-dependent reactions to drive the fixation of atmospheric CO2, and reduction of the fixed carbon, ultimately producing sugars

Question 19

methanotroph

Answer 19

an organism that uses methane as its primary electron donor and source of carbon

Question 20

nitrogen cycle

Answer 20

the movement of nitrogen among terrestrial ecosystems, the oceans and the atmosphere

Question 21

nitrogen fixation

Answer 21

the incorporation of atmospheric nitrogen into forms such as ammonia or nitrate which can be used to make many organic compounds. Occus in only a few bacteria and archaea lineages