Chapter 34

Question 1

Echinodermata

Answer 1

radially symmetrical coelomate marine animals including the starfishes, sea urchins, and related forms.

Question 2

Asteroidea

Answer 2

echinoderms characterized by five arms extending from a central disk.

Question 3

Echinoidea

Answer 3

a class of motile bottom-dwelling echinoderms comprising the sea urchins and related forms.

Question 4

Cephalochordata

Answer 4

Is an animal in the chordate subphylum, Cephalochordata. They are characterized as chordates, as they possess all 5 of the chordate characteristics during larval stages and through to adulthood.

Question 5

Urochordata

Answer 5

is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata, which is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords.

Question 6

Myxinoidea

Answer 6

hagfishes as distinguished from lampreys

Question 7

Petromyzontidea

Answer 7

comprising elongated animals that resemble eels or hagfishes, have no barbels and seven pairs of circular gill openings, and feed on the blood of fishes which they obtain by rasping the flesh with their toothed circular mouth — see petromyzon — compare lamprey.

Question 8

Chondrichthyes

Answer 8

a class comprising cartilaginous fishes with well-developed jaws and including the sharks, skates, rays, chimeras, and extinct related forms

Question 9

Actinopterygii

Answer 9

comprising fishes having the projecting part of the paired fins supported only by dermal rays and being coextensive with the Teleostomi excluding the Choanichthyes.

Question 10

Teleostei

Answer 10

are by far the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, and make up 96 percent of all fish.

Question 11

Actinistia

Answer 11

is a subclass of mostly fossil lobe-finned fishes. This subclass contains the coelacanths (Order Coelacanthiformes), including the two living coelacanths, both of the genus Latimeria: the West Indian Ocean coelacanth and the king of the sea.

Question 12

Dipnoi

Answer 12

: an order or other division of Choanichthyes including a number of fossil fishes known from the Devonian and later formations and three surviving genera, Neoceratodus, Protopterus, and Lepidosiren, comprising aberrant fishes that have overlapping cycloid scales and dermal fin rays, a largely cartilaginous skeleton (lungfish)

Question 13

Tetrapoda

Answer 13

any animal that is more closely related to living amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals than to living dipnoi (lungfishes).

Question 14

Amphibia

Answer 14

is a cold-blooded vertebrate animal that is born in water and breathes with gills. As the larva grows into its adult form, the animal’s lungs develop the ability to breathe air, and the animal can live on land. Frogs, toads, and salamanders are all amphibians.

Question 15

Amniota

Answer 15

membrane surrounding the fetus”, earlier “bowl in which the blood of sacrificed animals was caught”, from ἀμνός amnos, “lamb”) are a clade of tetrapod vertebrates comprising the reptiles, birds, and mammals that lay their eggs on land or retain the fertilized egg within the mother.

Question 16

Mammalia

Answer 16

of warm-blooded higher vertebrates (as placentals, marsupials, or monotremes ) that nourish their young with milk secreted by mammary glands, have the skin usually more or less covered with hair, and include humans.

Question 17

Monotremata

Answer 17

a primitive mammal that lays large yolky eggs and has a common opening for the urogenital and digestive systems. Monotremes are now restricted to Australia and New Guinea, and comprise the platypus and the echidnas.

Question 18

Marsupiala

Answer 18

a mammal of an order whose members are born incompletely developed and are typically carried and suckled in a pouch on the mother’s belly. Marsupials are found mainly in Australia and New Guinea, although three families, including the opossums, live in America.

Question 19

Eutheria

Answer 19

a mammal of the major group Eutheria, which includes all the placentals and excludes the marsupials and monotremes.

Question 20

Reptilia

Answer 20

class of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals.

Question 21

Lepidosauria

Answer 21

are reptiles with overlapping scales. This subclass includes Squamata and Rhynchocephalia. It is a monophyletic group and therefore contains all descendents of a common ancestor. Squamata includes snakes, lizards, and amphisbaenia.

Question 22

Testudinia

Answer 22

characterised by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs and acting as a shield. “Turtle” may refer to the order as a whole (American English) or to fresh-water and sea-dwelling

Question 23

Crocodilia

Answer 23

a large subclass of diapsid reptiles including: crocodiles; alligators; dinosaurs; pterosaurs; plesiosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts

Question 24

Aves

Answer 24

The class of vertebrata that includes the birds. aves, or birds, have a complete double Circulation, oviparous, reproduction, front limbs peculiarly modified as wings; and they bear feathers.

Question 25

Primates

Answer 25

Any of various mammals of the order Primates, which consists of the lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes including humans, and is characterized by nails on the hands and feet, a short snout, and a large brain.

Question 26

Anthropoid

Answer 26

consists of the New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and apes including humans. Resembling a human, especially in shape or outward appearance.

Question 27

Australopithecines

Answer 27

means ‘southern ape.’ It is an extinct genus of members of the human family tree. Scientists generally accept five species: A. afarensus, A. africanus, A. anamensis, A. garhi, and A. sediba, as belonging to the genus.

Question 28

mollusca

Answer 28

bivalves, gastropods, chiton, marine some have shells and visceral masses.

Question 29

annelida

Answer 29

segmented worms

Question 30

oligochaeta

Answer 30

deposit feeders, earthworms

Question 31

polychaeta

Answer 31

lineage of annelids

Question 32

rotifera

Answer 32

plankton, have coelom, corona, suspension feeders

Question 33

platyhelminthes

Answer 33

flat worms like tapeworms and flukes

Question 34

cestoda

Answer 34

tapeworms

Question 35

trematoda

Answer 35

flukes

Question 36

turbellaria

Answer 36

free living species, platyhelminthes

Question 37

crustacea

Answer 37

shrimp, lobster, crab, nauplius larva, marine and freshwater, have mandibles

Question 38

chelicerata

Answer 38

spiders, ticks, 6 pairs of appendages, feed on insects

Question 39

myriapoda

Answer 39

centipedes and millipedes, head and long truck

Question 40

cephalopoda

Answer 40

squid and octopus, “head feet”

Question 41

polyplacophora

Answer 41

chitons, “many plate bearing”

Question 42

gastropoda

Answer 42

snails and slugs, large muscular food, some have shell

Question 43

mollusca

Answer 43

slams, mussels, scallops,