Column Flashcards
A rigid, relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support compressive loads applied at the member ends
Column
An upright, relatively slender shaft or structure, usually of brick or stone, used as a building support or standing alone as a monument
Pillar
A stiff vertical support, especially a wooden column in timber framing
Post
The critical point at which a column, carrying its critical buckling load, may either buckle or remain undeflected. The column is therefore in a state of neutral equilibrium
Bifurcation
The critical buckling load for a column divided by the area of its cross section
Critical Buckling Stress
The sudden lateral or torsional instability of a slender structural member induced by the action of a compressive load. It may occur well before the yield stress of the material is reached
Buckling
The axial load at which a column begins to deflect laterally and becomes unstable
Buckling load
The maximum axial load that can theoretically be applied to a column without causing it to buckle. It is inversely proportional to the square of its effective length, and directly proportional to the modulus of elasticity of the material and to the moment of inertia of the cross section
Critical Buckling Load, Euler Buckling Load
A thick column subject to failure by crushing rather than by buckling. Failure occurs when the direct stress from an axial load exceeds the compressive strength of the material available in the cross section. An eccentric load, however, can produce bending and result in an uneven stress distribution in the section
Short Column
A column having a mode of failure between that of a short column and a long column, often partly inelastic by crushing and partly elastic by buckling
Intermediate Column
The ratio of the effective length of a column to its least radius of gyration
Slenderness Ratio
A slender column subject to failure by buckling rather than by crushing
Long Column
The radial distance from any axis to a point at which the mass of could be concentrated without altering the moment of inertia of the body about that axis. For a structural section, the radius of gyration is equal to the square root of the quotient of the moment of inertia and the area
Radius of Gyration
The amount by which an axis deviated from another parallel axis
Eccentricity
An additional moment developed in a structural member as its longitudinal axis deviates from the line of action of a compressive force, equal to the product of the load and the member deflection at any point
P-delta Effect
The proposition that a compressive load should be located within the middle third of a horizontal section of a column or wall to prevent tensile stresses from developing in the section
Middle-Third Rule
The distance between inflection points in a column subject to buckling. The effective length of a column determines its critical buckling load. When this portion of a column buckles, the entire column fails
Effective Length
A coefficient for modifying the actual length of a column according to its end conditions in order to determine its effective length. Fixing both ends of a long column reduces its effective length by half and increases its load-carrying capacity a factor of 4
Effective Length Factor
A set of tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the superposition of axial and bending stresses at a cross section of a structural member, acting in the same direction and equal at any point to their algebraic sum
Combined Stresses
The central area of any horizontal section of a column or wall within which the resultant of all compressive loads must pass of only compressive stresses are to be present in the section. A compressive load applied beyond the area will cause tensile stresses to develop in the section
Kern, Kern Area
A point on either side of the the centroidal axis of a a horizontal column or wall section defining the limits of the kern area
Kern Point
The bracing of a column or other compression member to reduce its effective length. It is the most effective when the bracing pattern occurs in more than one plane
Lateral Bracing
The distance between the points at which a structural member is braced against buckling in a direction normal to its length
Unbraced Length
