Beam

Question 1

A rigid structural member designed to carry and transfer transverse loads across space to supporting elements

Answer 1

Beam

Question 2

The extent of space between two supports of a structure. Also, the structure so supported

Answer 2

Span

Question 3

The distance between the inner faces of the supports of a span

Answer 3

Clear Span

Question 4

The center-to-center distance between the supports of a span

Answer 4

Effective Span

Question 5

An external moment tending to cause part of a structure to rotate or bend , equal to the algebraic sum of the moments about the neutral axis of the section under consideration

Answer 5

Bending Moment

Question 6

An internal moment equal and opposite to a bending moment, generated by a force couple to maintain equilibrium of the section being considered

Answer 6

Resisting Moment

Question 7

The perpendicular distance a spanning member deviates from a true course under transverse loading. Increasing with load and span, and decreasing with an increase in the moment of inertia of the section or the modulus of elasticity of the material.

Answer 7

Deflection

Question 8

A slight convex curvature intentionally built into a beam, girder, or truss to compensate for an anticipated deflection

Answer 8

Camber

Question 9

A shear force at a cross section of a beam or other members subject to bending, equal to the algebraic sum of transverse forces on one side of the section

Answer 9

Transverse Shear

Question 10

An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross section of a beam or other member subject to bending along which no bending stresses occur

Answer 10

Neutral axis

Question 11

A combustion of compressive and tension stresses developed at a cross section of a structural member to resist a transverse force, having a maximum value at the surface furthest from the neutral axis

Answer 11

Bending stress

Question 12

The shearing stress developed along a cross section of a beam to resist transverse shear, having a maximum value at the neutral axis and decreasing nonlinearly toward the outer faces

Answer 12

Vertical shearing stress

Question 13

The shearing stress developed to prevent slippage along longitudinal planes of a beam under transverse loading equal at any point to the vertical shearing stress at that point. Also called longitudinal shearing stress

Answer 13

Horizontal shearing stress

Question 14

A formula defining the relationship between bending moment, bending stress and the cross-sectional properties of a beam. Bending stress is directly proportional to bending moment and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of a beam section

Answer 14

Flexure formula

Question 15

The sum of the products of each element of area and the square of its distance from a coplanar axis of rotation. Moment of Inertia is a geometric property that indicates how the cross-sectional area of a structural member is distributed and does not reflect the intrinsic physical properties of a material.

Answer 15

Moment of Inertia

Question 16

A geometric property of a cross section defined as the moment of inertia of the section divided by the distance from the neutral axis to the most remote surface

Answer 16

Section modulus

Question 17

The buckling of a structural member induced by compressive stresses acting on a slender portion insufficiently rigid in the lateral direction

Answer 17

Lateral buckling

Question 18

The tensile and compressive stresses resulting from the interaction of bending and shear stresses at a cross section of a beam

Answer 18

Principal stresses

Question 19

Lines depicting the direction but not the magnitude of the principal stresses in a beam

Answer 19

Stress Trajectories

Question 20

The point in the cross-sectional plane of a structural member through which a transverse load must pass in order to prevent torsion or twisting of the member about a longitudinal axis

Answer 20

Shear center

Question 21

A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of the external shears present in a structure for a given set of transverse loads and support conditions

Answer 21

Shear diagram

Question 22

A graphic representation of the variation in magnitude of the bending moments present in a structure for a given set of transverse loads and support conditions. The overall deflected shape of a structure subject to bending can often be inferred from the shape of its moment diagram

Answer 22

Moment diagram

Question 23

A beam resting on simple support at both ends, which are free to rotate and have no moment resistance. As with any statically determinate structure, the values of all reactions, shears, and moments for a simple beam are independent of its cross-sectional shape and material

Answer 23

Simple beam

Question 24

A projecting beam supported at only one fixed end

Answer 24

Cantilever Beam

Question 25

A beam or other rigid structural member extending beyond a fulcrum and supported by a balancing member or a downward force behind the fulcrum

Answer 25

Cantilever

Question 26

A simple beam extending beyond one its supports. The overhang reduces the positive moment at mid span whole developing a negative moment at the base of the cantilever over the support

Answer 26

Overhanging Beam

Question 27

A simple beam extending beyond both of its supports

Answer 27

Double Overhanging Beam

Question 28

A beam having both ends restrained against translation and rotation. The fixed ends transfer bending stresses, increase the rigidity of the beam, and reduce its maximum deflection

Answer 28

Fixed-End Beam

Question 29

A simple beam supported by the cantilevers of two adjoining spans with pinned construction joints at points of zero moment

Answer 29

Suspended-Span, Hung-Span

Question 30

A net resultant of shear forces that acts vertically upward on the left part of the structure being considered

Answer 30

Positive shear

Question 31

A net resultant of shear forces that acts vertically downward on the left part of the left part of the structure being considered

Answer 31

Negative shear

Question 32

A bending moment that produces a concave curvature at a section of a structure

Answer 32

Positive moment

Question 33

A bending moment that produces a convex curvature at a section of a structure

Answer 33

Negative moment

Question 34

A point at which a structure changes curvature from convex to concave or vice versa as it deflects under a transverse load theoretically an internal hinge and therefore a point of zero moment

Answer 34

Inflection point

Question 35

The part of a beam that is thickened or deepened to develop greater moment resistance. The efficiency of a beam can be increased by shaping its length in response to the moment and shear values which typically vary along its longitudinal axis

Answer 35

Haunch

Question 36

The distance between inflection points in the span of a fixed-end or continuous beam equivalent in nature to the actual length of a simply supported beam

Answer 36

Effective length