Colorectal Cancer Pathology

Question 1

What are polyps?

Answer 1

protusions above epithelial surface

Question 2

Are polyps always benign?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

What might colorectal polyps be?

Answer 3

adenomas, serrated polyps, polypoid carcinoma, other

Question 4

Do adenomas metastasise?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Are adenomas always dysplastic?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Should adenomas be removed?

Answer 6

Yes (as they are premaligant)

Question 7

Do adenomas, inherited tumours and serrated adenomos have the same pathways?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What should be done to investigate a polyp?

Answer 8

biopsy

Question 9

What is the primary treatment for adenocarcinomas?

Answer 9

surgery

Question 10

What kind of necrosis pattern do colorectal adenocarcinomas have?

Answer 10

dirty

Question 11

What does Duke’s A mean?

Answer 11

confined by muscularis propria

Question 12

What does Duke’s B mean?

Answer 12

through muscularis propria

Question 13

What does Duke’s C mean?

Answer 13

metastases to lymph nodes

Question 14

Where are the majority of colorectal cancers (right or left)?

Answer 14

left

Question 15

What symptoms might left sided tumours have?

Answer 15

blood PR, altered bowel habit, obstruction

Question 16

What are common symptoms of right sided tumours?

Answer 16

anaemia, weight loss

Question 17

Where is the mutation in HNPCC?

Answer 17

MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6

Question 18

Which out of FAP and HNPCC are early onset?

Answer 18

FAP

Question 19

Where is the defect in HNPCC?

Answer 19

mismatch repair

Question 20

Where is the defect in FAP?

Answer 20

tumour supression