Collection equipment

Question 1

Blood drawing station

Answer 1

A special area of the laboratory equipped for performing phlebotomy procedures on patients, primarily outpatients. 
It includes: 
Large waiting room
Venipuncture room
Recovery room

Question 2

Blood drawing chair

Answer 2

The chair should:
Have an armrest for easier blood collection
Have an armrest that locks in place for safety

Question 3

Phlebotomy tray

Answer 3

Conveniently carries all equipment and supplies needed to perform venipuncture.

Question 4

Common equipment

Answer 4

Needles (various sizes)
Evacuates tubes (various sizes & colors)
Microcapillary collection equipment
Tube holders
Tourniquets 
Alcohol swabs 
Gauze 
Adhesive tape
Gloves
Sharps container 
Marking pens
Cotton balls

Question 5

gloves

Answer 5

Mandatory in blood collection.

Serve as a protective barrier.

Always change gloves between patients.

Do not recycle them

Question 6

Antiseptics

Answer 6

Inhibit growth of but do not necessarily kill organisms.
Safe on human skin.
Used prior to blood collection.
Antiseptic of choice: 70% isopropyl alcohol.
2 exceptions:
Blood cultures
Blood alcohol levels

Question 7

disinfectants

Answer 7

Bactericidal
Used on surfaces and instruments
Not safe on human skin

Question 8

Hand sanitizers (antiseptics)

Answer 8

Alcohol-based cleansers.
May be used before venipuncture.
May be used in-between patients.
Wash hands with water and soap if they are visibly soiled.

Question 9

Gauze pads/cotton balls

Answer 9

Necessary to hold pressure over puncture site.

Sterile 2x2 gauze pads preferred over cotton balls.

Question 10

Bandages/paper tape

Answer 10

Adhesive bandages used to cover puncture site.

Paper tape may be used in conjunction with a gauze pad

Question 11

Sharps disposal container

Answer 11

Sharps” container
Usually red and marked “biohazard.”
Rigid, puncture resistant, and leak proof.
Immediately dispose needles, lancets, and other sharp objects here.

Question 12

tourniquets

Answer 12

Increase resistance in the venous blood flow.
Therefore, veins become distended and more easily palpated.
1 minute maximum – Why?
Hemoconcentration
Uncomfortable for patient
Release tourniquet before removing needle.

Question 13

needles

Answer 13

Sterile, disposable and designed for single use only!
Parts of a needle:
Hub
Shaft
Bevel
Point
Rubber sleeve/multisample needle (Vacutainer systems)

Question 14

Gauge (size)

Answer 14

Larger diameter = smaller gauge
20 gauge 23 gauge
Large diameter Small diameter

Standard: 21 gauge needle
Using smaller gauge needles? Use syringe to prevent hemolysis!

Question 15

Safety needle act

Answer 15

Requires devices used in blood collection to prevent accidental needle stick injuries.
Needles must have a single-handed method of permanently resheathing the needle.

Question 16

Tube holders

Answer 16

Plastic disposable cylinders where needles screw in one end and collection tubes fit on the other end.

They have “feet” to assist with putting on and taking off collection tubes.

Question 17

Evacuated tubes

Answer 17

Vacuum tubes

Most direct and efficient method for obtaining blood.

Vary in sizes, anticoagulants and other additives.

Question 18

Syringe

Answer 18

Components:
Graduated barrel
Fitted plunger

Used on patients with small, fragile or difficult veins.

Benefits:
Force of vacuum can be controlled
Blood can be freely distributed

Question 19

Butterfly / winged infusion set

Answer 19

Used when:
Large amounts of blood are needed from hard-to-stick patients
Hand draw
May be used in conjunction with either a syringe or vacutainer.

Question 20

lancets

Answer 20

Used for skin puncture to collect capillary blood samples.

Question 21

microtainer tubes

Answer 21

Small plastic tubes used for small volume samples.

Question 22

Topical anesthetic

Answer 22

Most common: EMLA

Cream applied to the skin and then covered with a transparent patch.

Absorbs in the skin up to 5 mm deep
Advantages
Alleviate pain of needle stick
Reduce anxiety of venipuncture
Disadvantages
Expensive 
Apply 1 hr. prior to venipuncture
Know location of vein in advance
Mild side effects
Possible allergies

Question 23

Vein-locating device

Answer 23

Illuminate soft tissue with powerful light sources.

Veins appear as dark lines.

Question 24

requisition

Answer 24

Doctor’s orders.

Must contain: 
Name of individual requesting lab tests
Signature of ordering physician 
Lab tests requested
Patient name, age, and/or birth date
Medical record or SSN
Diagnosis information (mandatory for outpatients)

Question 25

Requisition – exceptions

Answer 25

4 laboratory tests: 
Pregnancy test
Glucose
Cholesterol 
Occult blood