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GCSE History > Cold War Unit 2 > Flashcards

Cold War Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did China become communist?

A

1949

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2
Q

Who was the leader when China became communist?

A

Mao Zedong

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3
Q

What did the China and the USSR sign? When?

A

A treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance
1950

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4
Q

How did China becoming communist increase tensions?

A

USA realises containment didn’t work
Changed the balance of power between the East and West - the two most populated countries were now communist

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5
Q

When was Korea surrendered? To who?

A

After WWII, Japan surrendered:
North Korea to USSR
South Korea to USA

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6
Q

What was the divide between north and South Korea?

A

38th parallel

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7
Q

Why were tensions high between North and South Korea?

A

North Korea - communist
South Korea - anti communist but not fully democratic

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8
Q

When did the Korean War start?

A

When North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950

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9
Q

How long did the Korean War last?

A

1950-1953

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10
Q

Who did South Korea get help from?

A

The UN - they appealed to them

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11
Q

Who did North Korea get help from?

A

China and USSR

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12
Q

Who was the UN led by?

A

General MacArthur

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13
Q

How many Chinese troops were sent to North Korea to help?

A

250,000

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14
Q

What happened to MacArthur during the Korean War?

A

He was let go - wanted to use the atom bomb on North Korean
Truman let him go

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15
Q

How did the Korean War impact tensions?

A

UN acted without the USSRs approval (the USSR didn’t show up to the UN meeting, so the other countries excluded USSR)
Competition between East and West went global

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16
Q

Who was North Vietnam supported by? Why?

A

The USSR and China as they were communist

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17
Q

What was the Communist army fighting in the Vietnam known as?

A

NVA

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18
Q

Who was the leader of the Communist army fighting in the Vietnam known as?

A

Ho Chi Minh

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19
Q

Who supported South Vietnam? Why?

A

USA
They were anti communism

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20
Q

Who was the leader of South Vietnam?

A

Diem

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21
Q

Who did the Vietcong support?

A

North Vietnam

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22
Q

What tactics did the Vietcong use?

A

Guerrilla - trenches etc.

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23
Q

How did the Vietnam war worsen tensions?

A

The war was extremely unpopular in America - they didn’t see a point in supporting south Vietnam and it was a waste of time
America also tried to prevent other countries turning communist
USA and USSR were military rivals and wanted to be better than each other

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24
Q

How long did the Vietnam war last?

A

20 YEARS

1955-1975

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25
Q

Why was NATO formed?

A

The west needed a common defence strategy

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26
Q

When was NATO formed?

A

April 1949

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27
Q

What was NATO?

A

A military pact that said that countries would work together if there one was attacked

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28
Q

What were some countries in NATO?

A

USA
Britain
France
Canada

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29
Q

How many countries were in NATO in 1949?

A

12 countries in 1949

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30
Q

How many countries were in NATO in 1952?

A

15 countries - Germany, Turkey and Greece joined

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31
Q

How did the creation of NATO impact tensions?

A

Worsened tensions
Changed power balance as it made the west more powerful
Intimated communist countries and the USSR

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32
Q

Why was the Warsaw Pact formed?

A

Khrushchev wanted to continue to create a buffer zone - so the USSR could continue to maintain communist Eastern Europe

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33
Q

When was the Warsaw Pact formed?

A

1955

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34
Q

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A

A military alliance where countries would defend one another if attacked

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35
Q

What countries were in the Warsaw Pact?

A

All countries in Eastern Europe EXCEPT YUGOSLAVIA

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36
Q

How did the Warsaw Pact impact tensions?

A

It made the two sides more equal in power
Showed that the USSR would do anything to balance out power - greedy for power

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37
Q

What was the Arms Race?

A

A competition between the USSR and USA to build up their nuclear weapons

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38
Q

What was the space race?

A

A competition between the USA and USSR about who could get to space first

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39
Q

When was the duck and cover cartoon created to protect children? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

Duck and cover created in 1955 by the USA
USSR were in the lead - showed USA were scared and knew that there was a threat of nuclear war

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40
Q

When was advice published on how to build at home bomb shelters? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

Advice published on how to build at home nuclear bomb shelters in 1955 by the USA
USSR still in the lead - USA were still fearful and were preparing everyone

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41
Q

When was the first ICBM missile tested? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

First ICBM missile tested in 1957 by the USSR
The USSR were still in the lead

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42
Q

When was the first space satellite launched, what was it called? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

USSR launches first space satellite called Sputnik-1 in 1957
USSR still in the lead - this had never been done before

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43
Q

When was the first dog sent to space? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

A dog called Laika was sent to space in Sputnik-2 in 1957 by USSR
USSR still in the lead

44
Q

When was the Vanguard TV3 launched? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

Vanguard TV3 launched by USA in 1957
USSR still in lead - the rocket failed

45
Q

When did the USA release their first space satellite? What was it called? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

The USA launched the Explorer I in 1958
USA was now in the lead - it was considered better than Sputnik 1, 2 and 3

46
Q

When was NASA set up? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

NASA was set up by the USA in 1958
USA was in the lead

47
Q

When did the USA develop submarines that could release missiles? What was it called? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

The USA developed submarines capable of launching nuclear missiles in 1959 - called Polaris
The USA was in the lead

48
Q

Who was the first man in space, what was he called? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space in 1961, sent out by the USSR
USSR in the lead - first to get a human to space

49
Q

When was the ‘Tsar Bomba’ used? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

The ‘Tsar Bomba’ was used in 1961 by the USSR
USSR was in the lead - it was a very powerful bomb

50
Q

When were missiles sent into Cuba, what is this also known as? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

Khrushchev sent USSR missiles into communist Cuba in 1962
Also known as the Cuban Missile crisis
USSR was in lead - had their missiles near the USA

51
Q

When was a film made about the effects of nuclear war? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

Britain made a film about the effects of Nuclear war in 1963
USSR was in the lead - showed other countries were afraid of their power

52
Q

When was the first man sent to the moon, what was his name? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

The USA sent Neil Armstrong to the moon in the Apollo 11 in 1969
USA now in lead - first to send humans to moon

53
Q

When was the first MIRV missile created? By who? Who was in the lead because of this?

A

First MIRV missile created by the USA in 1970
USA in lead

54
Q

In general, how did the arms race and space race impact tensions?

A

The USA and USSR had competition
They were threatened by each other

55
Q

When did Khrushchev replace Stalin as the leader of the USSR?

A

1958

56
Q

When did Khrushchev die?

A

1971

57
Q

What did Khrushchev do to improve relations between the USSR and other countries?

A

Wanted peaceful coexistence with the west
Reduced arms spending
Ended feuds with China and Yugoslavia

58
Q

When did Khrushchev denounce Stalin? What did he say?

A

Communist Party conference in 1956 - Khrushchev denounced Stalin - called him a wicked tyrant who was an enemy of the people and kept all the power for himself

59
Q

What did Khrushchev do in his programme of de-Stalinisation?

A

Released political prisoners
Closed the cominform
Dismissed the former foreign minister- Molotov
Attended the first post war summit

60
Q

What did Khrushchev do to improve living standards of the Soviet citizens?

A

Produced more grain
Made them eat well

61
Q

How did Khrushchev change the Cold War?

A

Led to a thaw in the Cold War
Destalinisaiton - led to peaceful coexistence
There was a policy of peace between nations - they began working together for trade etc.

62
Q

Why is Destalinisation seen as a distraction or a lie to many historians?

A

Khrushchev worked for Stalin - he ran terror purges after WWII
Used the army and threats to make sure no one stopped being communist
De-stalinisation wasn’t a revert back to capitalism - just took a different route of communism

63
Q

Where and when was the first post war summit held?

A

Held in Geneva
July 1955

64
Q

When and where did Khrushchev denounce Stalin?

A

1956 at the communist party international conference

65
Q

When did Khrushchev close the cominform?

A

April 1956

66
Q

When did Hungary become communist?

A

1947

67
Q

How did Hungary become communist?

A

Through force

68
Q

What happened to the food and economy of Hungary after it became communist?

A

Food was being sent to other communist countries

69
Q

What happened to the Catholic leader in Hungary when it became communist?

A

Was imprisoned

70
Q

Who was the communist leader of Hungary?

A

Rakosi

71
Q

How did Rakosi control Hungary?

A

Cut out rivals - exiled them and put them in prison
Had a strict censorship on Hungary

72
Q

Who was arrested when he spoke out against communism in Hungary?

A

Cardinal Mindszenty - put on trial and imprisoned for life

73
Q

What was the reason news reels were used by the Soviets about Hungary?

A

To make the west and other countries that Hungarians were happy with living and working conditions

74
Q

What were the conditions like in Hungary under the communists?

A

Lack of potatoes and bread
Low wages
Hunger

75
Q

What was the secret police in Hungary called?

A

AVO

76
Q

What did the secret police in Hungary do?

A

Looked for enemies of the state
Lead to a reign of terror

77
Q

When did Stalin die?

A

1953

78
Q

How did the death of Stalin impact Hungary?

A

Rakosi (communist leader) replaced by Nagy IN 1953
Becuase Khrushchev wanted a more relaxed leader

79
Q

Why was Nagy replaced?

A

Considered too nice and lenient

80
Q

When did the students in Hungary begin to protest?

A

October 1956

81
Q

How did the USSR respond to the protests in Hungary?

A

Shot some of the protesters
Brought in Soviet tanks

82
Q

What happened after the Soviets brought tanks into Hungary?

A

Nagy became prime minister again
Hundreds joined the protest
AVO headquarters were taken over
AVO used machine guns on protesters

83
Q

When did Soviet withdraw their tanks from Budapest?

A

October 29th 1956

84
Q

What did Nagy do after tanks were withdrawn? What was the effect of this?

A

Decreased censorship, released prisoners, announced free election and withdraw from Warsaw pact
Worried the Soviets - showed Khrushchev didn’t really want more freedom

85
Q

When did Soviet tanks re enter Hungary?

A

November 1-4th 1956

86
Q

How many Hungarians were killed in the Hungarian uprising?

A

3000

87
Q

What happened to Nagy after the Hungarian uprising?

A

He was executed

88
Q

How did the Hungarian uprising impact tensions?

A

Showed Khrushchev didn’t actually want peace - used tanks and guns - West began to mistrust the USSR again
Showed the Khrushchev still wanted to be like Stalin
West did nothing to help - suggested to the USSR that their policies were suspicious and selfish

89
Q

When was the U2 crisis?

A

1st May 1960

90
Q

Who was the American pilot of the U2 plane?

A

Gary Powers

91
Q

What was the U2 plane?

A

A spy plane

92
Q

Who decided to launch the U2 planes?

A

CIA

93
Q

What was the U2s mission? Why?

A

Fly over Russia
Test the new aircraft

WHY:
TO FIND OUT the military and industrial complexes of the USSR

94
Q

What were the characteristics of the U2 plane?

A

It flew higher than other planes
Hybrid of a jet and a glider
It could fly out of the reach of missiles

95
Q

Why did the U2 pilots agree to the mission?

A

Fear of a missile gap

96
Q

How many ICBM missiles did the USSR have by 1960?

A

30 by 1960

97
Q

What was given to pilots in case the mission failed?

A

A pen with cyanide - to kill themselves if they were caught
Silver dollar

98
Q

What did Khrushchev demand when he found out about the U2 spy planes?

A

For all planes to be shot down

99
Q

Why were the USA frustrated with Gary Powers?

A

Didn’t self destruct the plane
Didn’t use the cyanide
Admitted to everything when he was put on trial

100
Q

What happened to Gary Powers?

A

He was caught and found
Put on trial and admitted to everything

101
Q

As a result of the U2 Crisis, what did Khrushchev withdraw from?

A

Withdrew from the Paris Summit 1960

102
Q

Who was the president of the US during the U2 crisis? What did he refuse to do?

A

President Eisenhower
Refused to apologise or promise there wouldn’t be anymore espionage

103
Q

How long was Gary Powers originally sentenced to prison for?

A

10 years

104
Q

Why did Gary Powers end up not being imprisoned in a Soviet prisoner for 10 years?

A

He was exchanged for a captured Soviet spy (that was being kept in the US) called Rudolf Abel

105
Q

How did the U2 crisis impact tensions?

A

USSR had proof of espionage
The USSR tightened control where they could - e.g. Berlin (led to the building of the Berlin Wall and more)
The USA were clearly intimidated by the USSR
The USSR withdrew from peace agreements - e.g. Paris Summit 1960

106
Q

When was the first joint programme between the USSR and USA? What was it called? How did this impact tensions?

A

1975 - Apollo-Soyuz
Decreased tensions - first time in space race where they were working together and were trusting each other

107
Q

What tactics did the USA use in Vietnam? Why? What was the impact of this?

A

Search and destroy - they said they didn’t know who to kill so they set fire to everything - unpopular - killing civilians

GCSE History (14 decks)

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