Cold War Topic 4

Question 1

How was West and East Germany different after the division

Answer 1

West –> became wealthy as the west wanted to build it up for trade
East –> Low living standards

Question 2

How many refugees had crossed the border into west germany

Answer 2

1/3 of the population

Question 3

When was the Berlin Ultimatum

Answer 3

1958

Question 4

What did Khrushchevs Berlin Ultimatum state

Answer 4

That Western troops be within otherwise there would be another Berlin Blockade

Question 5

What happened to solve the problem of berlin

Answer 5

Series of summits

Question 6

What and when were the first two summits

Answer 6

1959, Geneva and Camp David

Question 7

What happened prior to the Paris summit, when was the Paris summit

Answer 7

1960, the U2 incident

Question 8

How did the U2 incident ruin the Paris Summit

Answer 8

Eisenhower had lied and was not going to apologise

Question 9

What was the last summit, when was it

Answer 9

Vienna, 1961, nothing happened

Question 10

When was the Berlin Wall

Answer 10

1961

Question 11

How long was the Berlin wall

Answer 11

165 miles

Question 12

What were positive results of the wall

Answer 12

• It reduced tension as it had solved the refugee problem
• Both sides had to accept that the other was there to stay in Berlin

Question 13

What were negative results of the wall

Answer 13

• Kennedy strongly criticised Stalin and communism in a speech
• khrushchev had to face the fact that people preferred Communism to Capitalism

Question 14

How did Cuba become communist

Answer 14

Castro overthrew the US backed dictator,
Castro made agreements with USSR with sugar for economic aid
Secretly USSR were providing Cuba with arms

Question 15

When was the Bay of Pigs incident

Answer 15

1961

Question 16

What was the bay of pigs incident

Answer 16

The USA trained a group of Cuban exiles were trained to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro, all so US would not get the blame

Question 17

Number of Cuban exiles versus Castros army

Answer 17

1400 exiles
20000 castro

Question 18

How was the invasion a disaster

Answer 18

• Most Cubans did not support the invasion
• The exiles had US equipment but no further support
• Castro knew about the invasion
• Castro showed the media and the world how Cuba had defeated USA

Question 19

Why was Kennedy concerned when Khrushchev publicly announced he was provide arms on Cuba

Answer 19

Missiles on Cuba could reach more US cities

Question 20

Why did Kennedy set up a Naval Blockade

Answer 20

As with a spy plane he saw offensive missile sites on Cuba and identified 20 USSR ships inbound for Cuba carrying military supplies

Question 21

What was the outcome of the 13 days

Answer 21

Kennedy publicly accepted the first letter for Khrushchev stated that Missiles would be taken out from Cuba if the USA didn’t invade
Kennedy then privately accepted the second letter stating that they must take their missiles out of Turkey

Question 22

Effects of the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 22

Kennedy was seen as a hero, as he had avoided a nuclear war and gotten the USSR to turn around
- Khrushchev was humiliated, he was no longer leader
- Both superpowers realised they had gotten to close to a nuclear war

Question 23

why was communist rule so disliked in Czechoslovakia

Answer 23

Low living standards
Secret Police
No freedom of speech
Strict censorship

Question 24

Who was the new leader of Czechoslovakia

Answer 24

Dubcek

Question 25

What were Dubceks reforms called

Answer 25

Prague Spring

Question 26

What did Dubcek propose

Answer 26

• Relaxed censorship
• Trade with the west
• Criticism of the government allowed

Question 27

How many troops did Brezhnev order to invade Czechoslovakia

Answer 27

500,000 troops

Question 28

Why were the invading forces from Brezhnev surprised

Answer 28

As they were met with little resistant, and were told they were going to be restoring order
They czech people stood in front of tanks and put flowers in soldiers hair

Question 29

When was the Czechoslovakian invasion

Answer 29

1968

Question 30

How did Brezhnev justify his actions in invaded

Answer 30

Necessary to protect the unity of the buffer zone.
This became known as the Brezhnev doctrine

Question 31

What did the Brezhnev doctrine state

Answer 31

If one warsaw pact countries actions threatened the other warsaw pact countries it was their responsibility to deal with it and stop the actions

Question 32

What happened to Dubcek

Answer 32

He was arrested and forced to reverse his reforms.
He was replaced by Husak who was an extreme communist and introduced a wave of oppression