Cold War Topic 4 Flashcards
How was West and East Germany different after the division
West –> became wealthy as the west wanted to build it up for trade
East –> Low living standards
How many refugees had crossed the border into west germany
1/3 of the population
When was the Berlin Ultimatum
1958
What did Khrushchevs Berlin Ultimatum state
That Western troops be within otherwise there would be another Berlin Blockade
What happened to solve the problem of berlin
Series of summits
What and when were the first two summits
1959, Geneva and Camp David
What happened prior to the Paris summit, when was the Paris summit
1960, the U2 incident
How did the U2 incident ruin the Paris Summit
Eisenhower had lied and was not going to apologise
What was the last summit, when was it
Vienna, 1961, nothing happened
When was the Berlin Wall
1961
How long was the Berlin wall
165 miles
What were positive results of the wall
- It reduced tension as it had solved the refugee problem
- Both sides had to accept that the other was there to stay in Berlin
What were negative results of the wall
- Kennedy strongly criticised Stalin and communism in a speech
- khrushchev had to face the fact that people preferred Communism to Capitalism
How did Cuba become communist
Castro overthrew the US backed dictator,
Castro made agreements with USSR with sugar for economic aid
Secretly USSR were providing Cuba with arms
When was the Bay of Pigs incident
1961
What was the bay of pigs incident
The USA trained a group of Cuban exiles were trained to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro, all so US would not get the blame
Number of Cuban exiles versus Castros army
1400 exiles
20000 castro
How was the invasion a disaster
- Most Cubans did not support the invasion
- The exiles had US equipment but no further support
- Castro knew about the invasion
- Castro showed the media and the world how Cuba had defeated USA
Why was Kennedy concerned when Khrushchev publicly announced he was provide arms on Cuba
Missiles on Cuba could reach more US cities
Why did Kennedy set up a Naval Blockade
As with a spy plane he saw offensive missile sites on Cuba and identified 20 USSR ships inbound for Cuba carrying military supplies
What was the outcome of the 13 days
Kennedy publicly accepted the first letter for Khrushchev stated that Missiles would be taken out from Cuba if the USA didn’t invade
Kennedy then privately accepted the second letter stating that they must take their missiles out of Turkey
Effects of the Cuban missile crisis
Kennedy was seen as a hero, as he had avoided a nuclear war and gotten the USSR to turn around
- Khrushchev was humiliated, he was no longer leader
- Both superpowers realised they had gotten to close to a nuclear war
why was communist rule so disliked in Czechoslovakia
Low living standards
Secret Police
No freedom of speech
Strict censorship
Who was the new leader of Czechoslovakia
Dubcek
