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History > Civil rights Topic 3 > Flashcards

Civil rights Topic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Effects of the freedom schools

A
  1. Improved African Americans literacy rates, although only 1600 more were registered to vote enough 17000 tried
  2. The murders of the volunteers brought more support for the civil rights movements
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2
Q

What was the march on selma

A

To present a petition to the racist governor of Alabama

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3
Q

What happened during the march on selma

A

State troops were sent to stop the march, the protesters knelt down to pray whilst the police used tear gas on them

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4
Q

What was the selma march known as

A

Bloody sunday

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5
Q

Why was Dallas, alabama chosen for the ‘selma march’

A

As it had a horrific voting rate for African Americans, white politicians prevented AA from voting using unfair literacy tests and poll tax

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6
Q

Why did President LBJ get the voting rights act through in a record time

A

He said Freedom summer and march on selma highlighted the need for it

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7
Q

When was the march against fear

A

1966

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8
Q

What was the march against fear

A

James meredith led a march as african americans still faced discrimination. He was shot on the second day

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9
Q

Who took over after James meredith in the march against fear

A

MLK and Stokely Carmichael

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10
Q

How did MLKs and Stokely Carmichaels speeches differ

A

MLK - continued advocating for peaceful protests
Carmichael - encouraged people to demand for black power

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11
Q

Why did the black power movement develop

A

Process through the civil rights movement was very slow
Protestors felt humiliated by the methods of peaceful protests
People felt that MLK’s methods would never bring equality

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12
Q

Why were the African Americans in the north particularly angry

A

Worst jobs
Lowest pays
living in the ghettos, with high crime rates
Police brutality

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13
Q

Why were the race riots caused, due to the Kerner report

A

Due to white discrimination and racism
Frustration and anger at poor living conditions
Failure of the authorities to solve police brutality

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14
Q

When did the race riots start

A

1964

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15
Q

Who was malcom X

A

most famous member of nation of islam, a group would never accepted MLK’s ideas and openly sought separation
Malcolm X was a great speaker

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16
Q

What was Malcolm X’s famous saying

A

“By any means necessary”
He felt that violence could be justified for self defence

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17
Q

What did Malcom X do

A

He encouraged many AA to get back in touch with their culture and heritage
He highlighted huge economic and social problems
He raised Black Americans self esteem

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18
Q

What was the black panther party

A

Founded by Bobby and Huey, a group heavily influenced by Malcolm X and was the most well known Black power group

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18
Q

How was the black panther party helpful in the ghettos

A

“Patrolling the pigs” they would follow the police officers to prevent violence, many saw them as more effective than the actual police force

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19
Q

Why did the black panther group receive negative publicity

A

Due to their frequent shoot outs and violence so therefore support for the movement declined

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20
Q

How did the olympics gain the black power movement publicity

A

Two athletes showed their support with a raises fist during the national anthem, they were banned and sent home. It brought world wide attention

21
Q

What was the Chicago freedom movement

A

MLK aimed to improve, housing, education and employment
Progress was very slow and protesters wanted to use violence
No agreements were ever upheld by the Chicago mayor

22
Q

When was the Chicago freedom movement

A

1966

23
Q

What was the poor people campaign

A

Designed to help poor people of all races, they wanted a fair minimum wage, education for adults and welfare for the unemployed

24
Q

What was so bad about the poor peoples campaign

A

MLK was shot but the protest still went ahead, different groups couldn’t decide on tactics so they went home, It brought bad publicity to the movement as it was seen as a disaster

25
Q

What did the civil rights act say?

A

Prohibited discrimination in public places
made employment discrimination illegal
integration for schools and other public places

26
Q

When was the Greensboro sit in

A

1960

27
Q

What was the Greensboro sit in

A

4 AA students walked into Woolsworth, made purchases and sat at the white only lunch counter. They were ignored and asked to leave. Police arrived but no arrested were made as there was no provocation. The 4 friends returned the next day with 25 people

28
Q

Due to the woolsworth sit in, what happened

A

Sit-ins spread across to other towns
70,000+ took part

29
Q

What happened to the protestors of the greensboro sit ins

A

They suffered abuse,
food and drinks thrown at them,
spat at,
thousand were arrested “took jail not bail”

30
Q

What was so significant about the sit ins

A

More visible than the boycotts,
first mass protest
Woolsworth became integrated
Eisenhower was publicly sympathetic
Significant number of white protestors were involved
Marked a change to more provocative tactics
SNCC was created (student group)

31
Q

Why were the freedom rides set up

A

To show that Boynton v Virginia was not being followed, the riders would travel around the south using the bus stations and facilities

32
Q

What did Browder V Gayle state

A

integrated STATE buses

33
Q

What did Broynton V Virginia state

A

Integrated INTERSTATE buses and transportation facilities

34
Q

When were the freedom rides, which CR group set them up

A

1961, CORE

35
Q

What happened to the freedom riders in Anniston Alabama

A

A white mob was waiting for them
They and the bus were attacked with iron pipes and the tires were slashed
A firebomb was thrown through the window
They only just escaped before the bus blew up
they were then heavily assaulted again

36
Q

What happened to the freedom riders in Montgomery

A

they were attacked by the KKK
It was allowed to happen uninterrupted due to the police supporting the KKK

37
Q

What was an effect of the freedom riders beatings

A
  • MLK made a speech in support for the freedom riders
  • President Kennedy threatened to sent in federal troops to enforce desegregation, the threat was good – this brought an end to the freedom rides
38
Q

Why was James Meredith significant

A

Applied to a place at Mississippi and was rejected, the NAACP took his case to court and they demanded he be accepted, he was again denied.
The uni then passed a law stating, no person convicted of a crime could attend and he had been convicted of “false voter registration”

39
Q

Who got involved in the James Meredith Case

A

President Kennedy ordered those ‘obstructing the law’ to stop.
Federal troops were sent to escort James to uni, officials were attacked 2 people died and a riot was caused,
federal troops were sent in to stop the riot
300 state troops escorted james to uni every day until he graduated

40
Q

When was the Birmingham March

A

1963

41
Q

What was the aim of the Birmingham march

A

to end segregation in the town completely

42
Q

As all protestors were in jail, what did MLK do in the Birmingham march

A

Started a childrens march, which led to 1000 + people arrested

43
Q

What tactics did Bull connor use on the protestors of the Birmingham march

A

Released dogs, and used powerful fire hoses

44
Q

The Birmingham march was the first time the protestors ever did what…

A

Couldn’t stick to a peaceful protest as the violence was so extreme.
Kennedy called in federal troops to restore calm

45
Q

What were the effects of the Birmingham march

A
  • Some desegregation took place, lunch counters and most shops
  • Showed tactics of non-violence were still effective
  • Violence encouraged Kennedy to draft a civil rights bill
  • The support for the movement was boosted due to the media
46
Q

What was the March on Washington for

A

All civil rights group wanted to show support for the civil rights bill being debated in congress, believed large numbers would pressure them to pass it

47
Q

What issues did the March on Washington want to draw attention to

A
  1. Difficulty to find jobs
  2. Paid less than white people
  3. More likely to be unemployed
48
Q

How many people attended the March on Washington

A

250,000 including many white people
it showed racial unity

49
Q

Why was the march on Washington significant

A

it showed the support for black civil rights by most Americans, including white Americans
- Put pressure on congress to pass the bill. MLK had talks with Kennedy to discuss the bill
- Kennedy assured them he was committed to getting the bill passed but was then shot

History (9 decks)

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