Cold War Flashcards
1
Q
What 2 countries were involved in the cold war?
A
US and Soviet Union/USSR
2
Q
Why was it called the cold war?
A
War never happened and there was no action.
3
Q
What big 3 countries were in the Yalta Conference?
A
US, Britain, and Soviet Union
4
Q
What is the Yalta Conference?
A
The big 3 countries split up Germany and each took a section and was responsible for their section.
5
Q
What was the United Nations preventing or stopping?
A
Another World War occuring
6
Q
Who were the 5 permanent members of the United Nations?
A
Great Britain, China, France, US, and USSR.
7
Q
Who came up with the name Iron Curtain for the establishment?
A
Churchill
8
Q
What is the Iron Curtain?
A
The Iron Curtain is the military, political, and ideological barrier established between the Soviet bloc and western Europe.
9
Q
What policy did the US use to protect itself from communism?
A
Containment policy
10
Q
What is the containment policy?
A
A policy directed at blocking soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism.
11
Q
What is the Truman Doctrine?
A
Provided support for any nation rejecting communism. $400 million in aid.
12
Q
The Truman Doctrine was sparked by which 2 countries?
A
Turkey and Greece
13
Q
What did the Marshall plan provide?
A
Provided food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe.
14
Q
What was the Marshall plan sparked by?
A
Communist seizure of Czechoslovakia.
15
Q
What was the Soviet Union and the US trying to prove?
A
Prove who was the best.
16
Q
When did the Iron Curtain begin and end?
A
1945-1990
17
Q
What is the NATO?
A
The military alliance in Western Europe.
18
Q
What country’s side did NATO take?
A
US
19
Q
What type of government did Western Europe have?
A
Democracy
20
Q
What is the Warsaw Pact?
A
The military alliance in Eastern Europe.
21
Q
What country’s side did the Warsaw Pact take?
A
Soviet Union
22
Q
What 2 types of government did Eastern Europe have?
A
Communism and Totalitarian
23
Q
Why was the Berlin wall built?
A
To divide East and West Berlin.
24
Q
Why did citizens want to escape East Berlin?
A
They didn’t like the government and if they escaped that proved the US was better.
25
What were East Berlin's economy problems?
Less people were working and buying stuff. They didn't support the economy.
26
How many people escaped the Berlin Wall each month?
10,000
27
Who were the CCP and KMT in China?
CCP: Communists
KMT: Non- Communists
28
What Chinese group was government at the time in China?
KMT
29
Why did the Chinese want CCP government?
A lot of Chinese people were poor and wanted to be equal because that would give them more than what they had already.
30
Who was the leader of the KMT?
Chiang Kai-Shek
31
Who was the leader of the CCP?
Mao Zhedong
32
What Chinese group wins in 1949?
CCP
33
What happened when the KMT lost?
KMT (millions of Chinese mainly the rich) fled to Taiwan. Soon developed their own government.
34
What did the Berlin War symbolize?
A divided world
35
What does ICBM stand for?
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
36
What is Sputnik?
The first unmanned satellite
37
What are U-2s?
CIA secret high attitude spy planes.
38
What is the U-2 incident?
Pilot Gary Powers was captured after being shot down during a U-2 mission.
39
During WW2 what country did Japan take over?
China
40
What is an Armistice?
An agreement to stop fighting
41
What parallel did Korea divide at?
38th
42
North Korea had what 2 types of government?
Communism and Collectivism
43
South Korea got a lot of money and traded with what country?
US
44
Who was Ho Chi Minh?
Vietnamese nationalist who led the Indochinese communist party.
45
Who did the Indochinese communist party revolt against?
The french
46
What happened to Ho?
Got arrested and sentenced to death but fled to exile in Mexico.
47
When Ho returned what country had seized control of China?
Japan
48
Ho was a founder of what league?
Vietminh Independence League
49
What year did Ho find the Vietminh Independence League?
1941
50
Who was in war with Vietnam?
The French
51
What country did Eisenhower support?
France
52
After the Dien Bien Phu, President Eisenhower fears what theory?
Domino Theory
53
What was the Dien Bien Phu?
The longest and most furious battle of the French Expeditionary Corps in the Far East.
54
What is the Domino theory?
That if other regions or countries were communists that the domino effect would happen and communism would spread.
55
Vietnam was divided at what parallel?
17th
56
Who is Fidel Castro?
Dictator of Cuba
57
Why is the US worried when Cuba becomes a communist country?
US will think that communism will spread into the states because Cuba is only 90 miles away.
58
What is the Bay of Pigs?
US tries to overthrow Castro by flying to Cuba and having the rich revolt and try to overthrow Castro.
59
Did the Bay of Pigs fail or succeed?
Fail
60
Why did the Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba to attack the US?
Cuba is close and has more access.
61
The US demanded the missiles to be removed. If they haven't been removed what would have happened?
A real war would have started
62
JFK promised to leave Cuba alone if what was removed and who agreed?
Missiles and the Soviets
63
WW2 ends and what does Ho think about Vietnam?
Ho thinks Vietnam will gain independence.
64
The Vietnam War is the Vietnamese fighting what country?
France
65
Who did Eisenberg support in the Vietnamese war?
The French
66
What parallel was Vietnam divided at?
17th
67
Diem ruled as what?
Dicatator
68
What is the Gulf of Tonkin?
Congress allowed president to send troops.
69
What year did the Gulf of Tonkin begin?
1964
70
How many US soldiers were in combat in 1965?
185,000 US soldiers.
71
US soldiers were fighting a what type of war?
Guerrilla
72
In what time period did war become unpopular?
The 1960s
73
What did the 1969 Vietnamization allow?
Allowed US troops to gradually pull out Nixon
74
What year did we get nuclear weapons?
1945
75
What year did the Soviets develop their first nuclear weapon?
1949
76
By 1950 both US and USSR developed what bomb?
Hydrogen
77
What does MAD stand for?
Mutually Assured Destruction
78
What is Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?
Each side has the ability to wipe each other out.
79
The US became so scared of getting bombed what precautions did they take?
Made bomb shelters in all new buildings and had bomb drills.
80
*BONUS* What was the most powerful bomb?
Tsarbomba
81
*BONUS* How powerful is the Tsarbomba (compare to war equipment)?
All war equipment combined times 10 in one Tsarbomba.
82
How many bombs has there been since 1945?
2053
83
How many bombs total could wipe out life on earth?
15,000 bombs
84
Who overthrows the Batista government?
Fidel Castro
85
What country did we put nuclear missiles to attack the Soviet Union?
Turkey
86
How long did the missile crisis last?
13 days
87
Afghanistan was controlled by who and why?
Soviets and Afghanistan was close
88
Why were Islamic leaders mad?
Communism says religion is evil and fake. USSR (Communists) were camping out in Afghanistan.
89
What rebels did the US help out?
Islamic rebels. Which now we are currently in trouble because we sent them supplies and now they are trying to terrorize us.
90
What country lost and got dropped out of the war?
Soviets
91
This war did what to the Soviet's economy?
Put them in debt
92
Who was the new Soviet Union leader in 1985?
Mikhail Gorbachev
93
What were some of the problems Mikhail Gorbachev had to solve?
War in Afghanistan, too much spent on military and failures of communist economic system.
94
Who in the USSR wanted independence (don't like communism which means rebellions)
Non-Russians
95
What were Mikhail's 2 ideas?
1) Perestroika: Economic challenge (allows 9 little of capitalism to exist in the USSR) saying the system has failed and needed to recover with capitalism.
2) Glasnost: Give some people SOME freedom.
96
USSR was weak and Eastern Europe finds it a perfect time to do what?
Rebel
97
What country was first to get rid of communism?
Poland
98
Did Poland getting rid of communism as a country leave a domino effect?
Yes
99
What year was the Berlin Wall torn down?
1989
100
What year is Germany unified as one country?
1990
101
Who did the USSR blame for their problems?
Gorbachev
102
What happened to Gorbachev in 1991?
August 1991 a group kidnapped Gorbachev and tries to replace him but they were loosing and released him.
103
When does Gorbachev resign?
December 1991
104
When Gorbachev resigns what else was brought to an end?
The USSR government being communists
105
USSR separates into how many nations?
15
106
What year does the Cold War end?
1991
107
How many years of war was there?
almost 46
108
What country wins the Cold War?
US
109
What was the Federal Highway Act in 1956?
Congress passed the largest public works program in US history. 10 years, 40,000 miles of interstate
110
Average income of Americans tripled from what years?
1940-1955
111
What led to a growing number of white-collar and blue-collar industry?
New technology
112
What is a white-collar?
Business man (wear white collars such as suits)
113
What is a blue-collar?
Working man. (denim is blue and thats what they would wear)
114
Early 50s rise in multinational corporations. What are multinational corporations?
Increase in corporate profit by moving location and employing cheaper labor pool. Competitive business on the rise.
115
What is conformity?
Obsession with winning approval of others. All the same.
116
What is a suburban?
Cities and rural mix
117
What town was one of the earliest new suburbs?
Levittown, New York
118
Who was the driving force behind planned residential communities?
Bill Levittown
119
What became increasingly popular throughout the 1950s?
suburbs
120
What percent did the suburbs account for new home construction?
85%
121
Many considered suburbs to be a sign of American tendency?
Conformity
122
When was the baby boom?
From 1945-1961
123
How many children were born during the baby boom in the US?
65 million
124
What was a factor of the baby boom?
Veterans returning from was and wanted to start families quickly.
125
What did popular culture celebrate?
Pregnancy, parenthood, and large families.
126
What was the assumption of a good mother?
Stays at home and to take care of children and the house.
127
What was there a mass production of?
Antibiotics
128
What did Jonas Salk develop?
An injectable vaccine preventing polio which had been running rampant.
129
In 1946, scientists working under a US army contract developed one of the nations first what?
Computers
130
What was the average annual salary?
$3,800 (Modern: $26,364)
131
What was the minimum wage per hour?
75 cents per hour (Modern: $7.25)
132
How many TVs were in 1946 in the US?
7,000-8,000
133
By 1957 there were only how many TVs?
40 million
134
What percent of families had televisions?
80%
135
What is the generation gap?
The cultural separation between children and their parents.
136
How did beatniks and beats live their lives?
Sought to live unconventional lives as fugitives from the conforming American culture they despised.
137
Where does the name beatniks and beats come from?
The feeling among group members of being "beaten down" by American Culture.
138
When did the Red Scare begin?
September 1945
139
How did the Red Scare begin?
When soviet clerk Igor Gouzenko defected. He revealed a massive effort by the SU to infiltrate US government agencies to obtain info about the atomic bomb.
140
What is subversion?
The effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government.
141
The Red Scare incident to a public fear of what?
Communist Subversion
142
What was the Loyalty Review Program?
Was established to screen all federal employees. Rather than calming suspicion, Truman's actions seemed to escalate/
143
What did HUAC stand for?
House Un-American Activities Committee
144
What is HAUC (House Un-American Activities Committee)?
FBI director Hoover urged HUAC to expose anyone engaging in "Un-American" activities. FBI wiretapped thousands of telephones.
145
Who was Alger Hiss?
former communist
146
What and what year was Project Verona?
In 1946, American Cryptographers cracked the soviet spy code of the time, enabling them to read messages confirming extensive soviet spying.
147
Who were Julius and Ethel?
NY couple charged with heading a soviet spy ring in 1950. The couple denied charges, but were condemned to death for espionage and executed in 1953?
148
Who was Joseph R. McCarthy?
A senator from Wisconsin and was the ring leader of these witch hunts. Searching for disloyalty based on flimsy evidence and irrational.
149
What was McCarthyism?
McCarthy's tactic of damaging reputations with vague and unfounded charges.
150
What is a censure?
Formal disapproval
151
Who was elected president in 1960?
John F. Kennedy
152
JFK was the first president to be what?
Catholic
153
The 1960 president debate was the first to be viewed where?
On TV
154
What were the Camelot years?
The rich and glamorous years
155
Who was JFK's brother and what was his career?
Robert Kennedy and he was an attorney general
156
JFK believes he must redefine what?
Nation's nuclear strategy
157
What is the Flexible Response?
Fight conventional wars, keep nuclear arms balanced.
158
What is the Limited Test Ban Treaty?
bans nuclear tests in the atmosphere
159
What is the New Frontier?
policies of the Kennedy administration
160
What is a mandate?
clear voter support for JFK's agenda
161
By 1960, US in recession had what percent of unemployment?
6%
162
What was the Peace Corps?
volunteer and assist developing nations; great sucess
163
What was the Alliance for Progress?
economic, technical assistance to Latin America.
164
What happened for the Soviet's April 1961?
Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin is the first man in space.
165
What country had the first man to walk on the moon and when?
July 1969 US - Neil Armstrong
166
What year does JFK begin to work on poverty, racial injustice, and civil rights?
1963
167
Who wrote "The Other America"?
Michael Harrington's
168
What does "The Other America" by Michael Harrington bring attention to?
poverty
169
When did JFK get shot and killed?
November 22, 1963
170
Where did JFK get shot and killed?
Motorcade, Dallas
171
Who killed JFK?
Oswald
172
Who killed Oswald?
Ruby
173
Who is president after JFK?
Johnson
174
Who investigates and concludes Oswald acted alone?
Warren Commission
175
What was Johnson's program called?
Great Society
176
Does the war on poverty increase or decrease?
Decrease
