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Social Studies > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

When did The Cold War start?

A

1947

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2
Q

What were the two main sides of The Cold War?

A

The United States and The Soviet Union

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3
Q

Who was the leader of The United States at the start of The Cold War?

A

Harry S. Truman

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4
Q

Who was the leader of The Soviet Union at the start of The Cold War?

A

Joseph Stalin

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5
Q

Who started the term “Iron Curtain”

A

Winston Churchill

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6
Q

What is the meaning of the term “Iron Curtain”

A

The term “iron curtain” was a symbol that represented the tensions between communist countries in Eastern Europe and democratic countries in Western Europe and the United States.

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7
Q

Map of Germany During Cold War

A

View picture on phone

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8
Q

What undue influence the the Soviets impose on the countries in Eastern Europe?

A

The Soviets outlawed political parties, jailed or killed opponents, and rigged elections so they would always win.

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9
Q

Who were the two Super Powers opposed to each other during the Cold War?

A

The United States and the Soviet Union.

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10
Q

Which Superpower believed in Communism?

A

Soviet Union

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11
Q

Which Superpower believed in Capitalism?

A

The United States

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12
Q

What is Communism?

A

Believing that a powerful central government should control the economy as well as the government

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13
Q

What is Capitalism?

A

Believing that businesses should be privately owned

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14
Q

Why was The Cold War called The “Cold” War?

A

Because neither side ever fired a shot

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15
Q

What did the two countries build stock piles of?

A

Weapons, and nuclear bombs

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16
Q

What was the build up of weapons called?

A

Arms Race

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17
Q

What was the shared view point for the United States and USSR?

A

Each side distrusted the other

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18
Q

What did other countries do as The Cold War continued?

A

They made alliances with each side

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19
Q

What does NATO stand for?

A

N orth
A tlantic
T reaty
O rganization

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20
Q

What was NATO?

A

NATO is an agreement of countries to form a defensive pact. Such that an attack on one country is considered an attack on all of the countries apart of NATO

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21
Q

What did the allies do to Germany at the end of WWII?

A

Divided into 4 sections to keep it from regaining power

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22
Q

What countries controlled a section of the broken up Germany?

A

US, Great Britain, France, and Soviet Union

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23
Q

When was West Germany formed and why?

A

In 1948, the western allies wanted to reunite Germany but the Soviets disagreed. The western sections were reunited into West Germany. The Soviet section became east Germany.

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24
Q

What is a “hot spot”?

A

Areas of extreme tension

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25
Q

What is the capital of Germany?

A

Berlin, Germany

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26
Q

What was the Berlin Wall?

A

A wall built in 1961 by Soviets between East Berlin and West Berlin, separating the Soviet section from the France, United States, and Great Britain sections.

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27
Q

What was the Berlin Blockade?

A

In 1948, the Soviets blockaded all land and water traffic into western Berlin hoping to make Britain, France, and America leave the city.

28
Q

What was the Western Allies response to the Berlin Blockade?

A

The United States and Great Britain began to airlift supplies into West Berlin.

29
Q

What is an airlift?

A

A system of carrying supplies into Berlin by plane day and night. British and American pilots flew in tons of food, fuel, and raw materials to their allies in West Berlin.

30
Q

How long did the West airlift supplies into Berlin?

A

Eleven (11) months

31
Q

What happened to Germany after the Berlin Blockade ended?

A

Germany officially became two (2) countries with two (2) governments.

32
Q

What was the capital of West Germany?

A

Bonn

33
Q

What was the capital of East Germany?

A

East Berlin

34
Q

What happened to West Berlin after the Berlin Blockade?

A

West Berlin remained a democratic stronghold surrounded by communism.

35
Q

What happened to Korea after World War II?

A

It was split along the 38th parallel into two (2) sections. The Soviet Union controlled the north and the United States controlled the south.

36
Q

What started the Korean War?

A

In 1950, Kim Il Sung the leader of North Korea, sent his army into South Korea.

37
Q

How did the United States respond to the invasion of South Korea?

A

United States President, Harry Truman, ordered American naval and air forces to support the Korean ground troops and asked the United Nations to approve use of force to stop the invasion.

38
Q

How did the United Nations respond to the North Korean invasion?

A

The United Nations responded quickly, imposing Military sanctions

39
Q

What was the outcome of the Korean War?

A

Despite initial heavy losses, the US and other 19 nations combined forces finally began to win

40
Q

What complicated the end of the Korean War?

A

The situation changed when US General Douglas MacArthur disobeyed orders to stay in South Korea

41
Q

What is the 38th parallel?

A

The divided line set by the Allies in 1945

42
Q

Who won the Korean War?

A

South Korea remained free, but Korea was badly damaged and many lives were lost. There are still two (2) separate countries today. Reunification talks have begun but talks are very very slow

43
Q

Who is John F. Kennedy?

A

JFK, at 43 years old, was the youngest elected President of the United States. JFK was elected in a time of extreme tension with the Soviet Union and communism

44
Q

Who was Joseph McCarthy?

A

He was an American Senator who spear-headed a communist “witch hunt” fueled by the fear that communism would take over the United States and dominate the world.

45
Q

What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on the American people?

A

His television appearances infected the nation with an anti-communist hysteria that ruined the lives of many politicians, writers, and actors

46
Q

Who was Nikita Khrushchev?

A

He was a communist leader of the Soviet Union.

47
Q

When was Nikita Khrushchev born?

A

Khrushchev was born in 1894 to a miner in the Ukraine

48
Q

What role did Nikita Khrushchev play in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union?

A

Khrushchev served as the First Secretary of the communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953-1964.

49
Q

What two (2) key global impacts did Khrushchev have during the Cold War?

A

Khrushchev started the space program that launched Sputnik I, a satellite in 1957. He had the idea of placing nuclear weapons in Cuba to restore the balance of power during the Cold War (which led to the Cuban Missile Crisis)

50
Q

What was Khrushchev’s goal for Soviet Union?

A

His goal was to overtake the United States in productivity and to help spread communism throughout the world.

51
Q

What happened to Khrushchev in the end?

A

He was overthrown in 1964 and died under house arrest seven (7) years later in 1971.

52
Q

What caused the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

In October 1962 the Soviets sent ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads to communist Cuba.

53
Q

Why was the United States concerned about the Soviets sending missiles to Cuba?

A

Cuba was only ninety (90) miles away from the United States. The missiles could have easily destroyed the southeastern states.

54
Q

What action did the United States take during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

The US President JFK ordered the US Navy to blockade Cuba, which prevented the Soviets from delivering more weapons or supplies to the island.

55
Q

What ended the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

After thirteen (13) tense days and many secret meeting with Khrushchev, the Soviets agreed to pull their missiles out of Cuba. The United States agreed not to invade Cuba and to pull missiles out of Italy and Turkey.

56
Q

Where is Vietnam and how was is structured in the 1960s?

A

Vietnam is a country in southeast Asia that was divided into two (2) parts in 1954. The north section was communist and the south was not.

57
Q

What triggered the Vietnam War?

A

Ho Chi Minh lead the North Vietnamese army (called the Viet Cong) to try and take over the South.

58
Q

Why did the United States get involved in the Vietnam War?

A

The United States sent troops to support South Vietnam because they wanted to stop the spread of communism.

59
Q

What is the Domino Theory?

A

Many people believe that if South Vietnam were to fall under communist control, so would many other Asian countries.

60
Q

What prompted the United States to declare military action against North Vietnam?

A

In 1964, North Vietnam fired a torpedo at a US ship in the Gulf of Tonkin

61
Q

How was the Vietnam War viewed back in the United States?

A

The Vietnam War was not popular with many Americans. There were dozens of protests against American military troops fighting in Vietnam.

62
Q

When did the United States withdraw from Vietnam?

A

US President Richard Nixon withdrew US troops from Vietnam in 1973.

63
Q

What happened to Vietnam after the US withdrawal?

A

The war ended in a cease fire. Without US support, the North took over the South in 1975. Today Vietnam exists as one (1) country under communist rule. The US is on friendly terms with the country today.

64
Q

How did the lives of people living in East and West Berlin differ?

A

East Berliners hated living under communism. West Berlin and freedom was just across the street. About three million (3_000_000) people fled to West Berlin looking for political freedom and better lives.

65
Q

What was the Berlin Wall?

A

The Soviets wanted to stop East Berliners from fleeing into West Berlin. In August 1961, East Germany built a one hundred and three (103) mile wall between East and West Berlin.

66
Q

Define the symbolism of the Berlin Wall?

A

While the Iron Curtain served as a mediphorical wall between the western and eatern Europe, the berlin wall sereved as a physical barrier wall separating the east and west

Social Studies (7 decks)

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