Cold injuries

Question 1

Blue discoloration of the hands and feet is called ______

Answer 1

Acrocyanosis

Question 2

Pernio presents as:

Answer 2

symmetric red-blue/purple macules/papules of acral skin

• associated burning/itching is common after cold/wet exposure
• ulceration may be seen

Question 3

What is the treatment for Pernio?

Answer 3

warming measures (resolves in a few weeks) and can use nifedepine

Question 4

What is the histopath of Pernio?

Answer 4

dense superficial and deep PV and perieccrine lymphocytic infiltrate+ dermal edema

Question 5

How do you differentiate Pernio from Chilblain lupus?

Answer 5

• pernio should improve with warming, chilblain is year round
• can also do a biopsy and/or serologic testing)

Question 6

1. Frost bite presents as_______
2. Frost bite occurs if the skin temp falls below ____
3. most common locations of frostbite:
4. Treatment of frostbite:

Answer 6

1. cool, blanched, anesthetic, and woody/hard skin→red/puruple color + blisters + pain ( can desquamate and heal or require amputation
2. -2 Celcius
3. ears and nose
4. warm (37-39 Celcius) water bath rapidly