cold environments

Question 1

clocc is

Answer 1

continent
latitude/longitude
ocean
countries
compass directions
➡️ used as a way of describing the location of a place

Question 2

svalbard has … major islands

Answer 2

5

Question 3

svalbard pop.

Answer 3

approx. 2700

Question 4

svalbard is …% glaciers

Answer 4

60

Question 5

the majority of svalbards pop. live in the main town of

Answer 5

longyearbyen

Question 6

svalbards max. temp is …°c and min. temp is …°c

Answer 6

7
-15

Question 7

growing close to the ground means

Answer 7

reduced damage by wind and ice particles

Question 8

small leaves means

Answer 8

water which can be lost through the leaf surface can be conserved

Question 9

shallow root systems

Answer 9

allow the plant to grow in the active layer and avoid permafrost

Question 10

grow in close proximity to each other means

Answer 10

eacg plant acts as a barrier for others for the wind and ice particles

Question 11

look at adaptations of plants

Answer 11

🫶🫶🫶

Question 12

example of an adapted plant is

Answer 12

Bearberry
• low growing (5 - 15 cm off the ground to survive strong winds)
• stems have thick bark for stability
• small leathery leaves to help retain water

Question 13

name 3 polar bear adaptationz

Answer 13

small sa to vol ratio ➡️ less heat loss
white transparent fur ➡️ allows camo
large dimpled feet ➡️ spreads weight out
acute sense of smell ➡️ smell prey from far away and under ice
layers of thick fat and fur ➡️ insulation and a store of fuel during hibernation
oil based fur ➡️ allows water to bead off after swimming, reduced chance of water freezing on animals
closable nostrils ➡️ prevents water from entering nose whilst swimming

Question 14

opportunity definition

Answer 14

a chance for an event to take place

Question 15

svalbard has … miles of roads

Answer 15

29

Question 16

name 3 opportunities in svalbard

Answer 16

fishing
mineral extraction
energy production
tourism

Question 17

… % of all Atlantic Cod that ends up in supermarkets around the world comes from the Barents Sea

Question 18

mineral extraction us no longer an opportunity in svalbard because

Answer 18

all mining opportunities closed in svalbard

Question 19

name 3 challenges in cold environments

Answer 19

construction
services
accessibility
extreme temps

Question 20

utilidors or utility corridors are

Answer 20

building built above the ground and are made out of wood in order to keep pipes insulated
➡️ don’t want them to melt permafrost or freeze

Question 21

roads in svalbard are built on

Answer 21

gravel pads 1 - 2 m deep to prevent the permafrost from melting

Question 22

runways in svalbard are

Answer 22

painted white to reflect sunlight

Question 23

where is the global seed vault

Answer 23

spitsbergen

Question 24

how can tech be used to maintain cold environments

Answer 24

use stilts to raise infrastructure and services in svalbard
can provide eco friendly solutions
sensors keep close track of the grounds temp and moisture

Question 25

the Antarctic treaty was signed in

Answer 25

1959

Question 26

the antarctic treaty states

Answer 26

controls and limits tourism
prevents economic developments
recognises the importance of Antarctica for shared scientific research
no military use shall be made of antarctica
nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal are banned
complete freedom of scientific investigation