Cohrs et al (contemporary) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the aim of the study?

A

-To examine associations between the big 5, right wing authoritarianism and social orientation dominance using self-report data.
-To show how self and peer ratings on traits match up with each other (concurrent validity)

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2
Q

Describe the sample in Cohrs study 1.

A

-Included 193 participants and peers.
-Aged 18-67.
-All from Germany.
-Opportunity sampling.

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3
Q

What people did the sample exclude?

A

Anyone who was homosexual, had a disability and was not from Germany.

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4
Q

Describe the sample in Cohrs study.

A

-Included 424 people.
-371 people had 2 peers and 53 people only had one peer(friend).
-Half of the people came from a Jana twin registry and the other from a twin club.

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5
Q

What was the procedure of study 1?

A

-Completed several questionaries to measure personality dimensions (scale 1-7) and the big 5 (Likert scale).
-Peers gave questions directly and via the main participant in sealed envelopes.

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6
Q

How much were the
particpants paid to particpate?

A

12 euros

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7
Q

What was the procedure of study 2?

A

-One twin was given a self-report and the other was given to a friend.
-Questionaries had specific references to Turks, wheelchair use and mental disability.
-Some questions were removed because of the results in study 1.

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8
Q

What was the results in study 1?

A

-Neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness were similar for ppt and peer.
-Ppt scored their self higher in openness than peers and lower in conscientiousness.

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9
Q

What were 2 correlations from study 1?

A

-Prejudice positively correlated with RWA.
-Openness correlated negatively with RWA.

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10
Q

What were the results from study 2?

A

-Self and peer ratings were similar in agreeableness and RWA.
-Ppts rated themselves higher in neuroticism and lower in extraversion, continuousness and general prejudice.

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11
Q

What are two correlations from study 2?

A

-Agreeableness negatively correlates with SDO and RWA.
-RWA correlates positively with prejudice.

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12
Q

What was the conclusion from study 1?

A

-Results indicate personality does correlate with prejudice.
-Lower openness and high conscientiousness means a person is more prejudice and RWA.

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13
Q

What was the conclusion from study 2?

A

-Personality dimensions and ideological views correlate with prejudice.
-Self reports and peer reports match up with each other (concurrent validity).

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14
Q

What is ideological views/beliefs?

A

Refers to the beliefs people have about the needs of their own society and what they believe their society requires to benefit from their society and culture.

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15
Q

How a is the study generalisable?

A

-Included many participants of both genders, wide range of answers so can explain many peoples behaviour.

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16
Q

How is the study reliable?

A

-Tests were all standardised and participants all received the same questions about SDO and RWA.

17
Q

How is the study valid?

A

-The study tested the effects of social desirability gathering self and peer reports to make the data more valid.
-Results in study 2 are high in concurrent validity.

18
Q

How is the study ethical?

A

-Did not mention details of participants in the study- very confidential.

19
Q

How does using all closed questions effect the study?

A

-Prevents ppts from explaining their answers.
-so the study cannot explain everything, makes it less valid.

20
Q

How is the applicability of the study limited?

A

-The research is only correlational so their could be other factors which effect prejudice so it is limited to explaining real world behaviour.

21
Q

How does social desirability effect the study?

A

-People may have lied in some answers as they were answering about themselves or a friend therefore lowering the reliability and validity.

22
Q

Why is the study not very generalisable?

A

-The study was only conducted on one culture (ethnocentric) so is only representative of that one culture as Germans may act different to other cultures.

23
Q

Why is the opportunity sampling used good and bad?

A

Good; can test people from a variety of jobs, ages and backgrounds ,
Bad: ppts may have shared characteristics as they were gathered from the same place so the sample is less representative.

24
Q

How is subjectivity involved in the study?

A

As self-report methods are used participants may interpret scales differently which therefore lowers validity.