Cognitivism CLD

Question 1

Key theorists for cognitivism?

Answer 1

Piaget and Lev Vygotsky

Question 2

Piaget

Answer 2

That children need a cognitive understanding in order to use language. Says that children cannot linguistically articulate what they do not understand.
e.g. ‘bigger’, ‘more’ harder to grasp.

Question 3

How does Piaget state children start life?

Answer 3

In a very egocentric way- the world revolves around them.

Question 4

Object permanence

Answer 4

Understanding that objects continue to exist even if they cannot be seen/touched.

Question 5

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 5

Birth- 2yrs
Understand the world through senses and actions.

Question 6

Preoperational stage

Answer 6

2-7 yrs
Understand world through lang and mental images.

Question 7

Concrete operational

Answer 7

7-12 yrs
Understand the world through logical thinking and categories.

Question 8

Formal operational

Answer 8

12 yrs+
Understand world through hypothetical thinking and scientific reasoning.

Question 9

What does Piaget’s theory look like?

Answer 9

• Children trying to make a sense of something on their own. e.g. talking to themselves.
• Children failing to use or understand lang.

Question 10

FOR Piaget

Answer 10

• Can’t grasp aspects of lang until they are ready- stages of development.
• Produce utterances increasing complexity as they work towards mastering rule.
• Brown’s morpheme study
• Bellugi’s stages for pronoun+ question formation

Question 11

AGAINST Piaget

Answer 11

• Acquire lang without having understanding of it.
• ‘Fis’ Phenomenon suggests children’s cognitive understanding can be present but their physical development stills impacts their use of lang.

Question 12

Challenges of cognitivism

Answer 12

• Children who have learning difficulties and cognitive issues still learn to use language even expressing concepts beyond their understanding.
• Apes share a similar cognitive development as humans in the first years of life, but do not acquire language.

Question 13

Vygotsky

Answer 13

Proposes that there exists a cognitive deficiency- a gap in knowledge. States that a More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) is needed to fill the gap.
Called the Zone of Proximal Development.

Question 14

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Answer 14

Something that challenges a child but isn’t too hard- they think it is unachievable.

Question 15

Who was inspired by Vygotsky?

Answer 15

Burner to form his LASS.