Cognitive - Therapy: CBT Flashcards
cognitive approach applied to CBT
> thoughts influence emotions and the behaviours that follows
psychological disorders stem from irrational thinking and to be cured their thinking patterns must be changes (CBT)
Internal mental processes applied to CBT
> internal processes impact our behaviour underlies the principles of CBT as - role of therapist fo change.
Schemas applied to CBT
> important aspect of CBT - schemas influence how we respond to the world around us. CBT helps client to change negaive schemas resulting in a change in how they respond to the world
Main Components of CBT
> Combines cognitive and behaviourist techniques
Both client and therapist play an active role in the therapy
Dysfunctional thought diary
Cognitive restructuring
Pleasant activity scheduling
Main components - The cognitive element
Therapist works with the client to help identify negative thoughts that are contributing to their problems
Main components - The behavioural element
therapist encourages the client to engage in reality testing, during session or as homework
Main components - dysfunctional thought diary
1.Homework - keep a record of events leading to unpleasant emotions experienced.
2. record automatic negative thoughts associated + rate how much they believe
3. write a rational response - rate belief
4. re-rate beliefs in automatic thought
Main components - cognitive restructuring
> work together on identifying and changing negative thinking patterns
taught to challenge dysfunctional thoughts - by asking - where is the evidence? what’s the worse that can happen?
Main components - pleasant activity scheduling
> asking client to plan for each day a pleasant activity they will engage in. - something that gives sense of accomplishment, involve break from normal routine.
engaging will induce more positive emotions - detract from negative thinking patterns
behavioural activation technique=helping change behaviour - keep a record of the experience, how they flet
Evaluate effectiveness - research support
P - evidence that CBT is effective in treating depression and anxiety-related problems
Ex - compared CBT with drug therapy. Jarret et al (1999) - CBT as effective as so,e antidepressants - 108 patients over 10week
Ex - however Hollon et al (1992) found no diff slightly different kind.
L- CBT not superior to all antidepressant
Evaluate effectiveness - therapist competence
P - factor influencing success of CBT= therpist competence
E - competence = ability to structure sessions, plan and review assignments, engage and foster good therapeutic relations
Ex - Kuyken and Tsivrikos (2009) claims 15% of the variance in outcomes of CBT effectiveness is due to therapist competence
Evaluate effectiveness - individual differences
P - may be more suitable for some - individ diff should be taken into consideration
Ex - less suitable for people with high levels of irrational beliefs that are resistant to change. less suitable in situations high levels of stress that therapy cannot resolve
Evaluate effectiveness - empowerment
P - empowers clients to develop own coping strategies - regognises free will
E - popular alternative to drug therapy
Evaluate ethical - patient blame
P - assumes client is responsible fo disorder
E - positive = empowered to change way they think. disadvantages = situational factors, probles of life events ignored - client not in position to change.
L - blaming individ for the way they think/feel/behave not helpful
Evaluate ethical - what is irrational?
P - who judges an ‘irrational’ thought
E - some irrational to therapist, client feel obliged to change even though they might not be.
Ex - Alloyd and Abrahamson (1979) - depressive realists tend to see things for what they are. Depressed people more accurate in estimates of likelihood of disaster.
L - CBT may damage self-esteem - psychological harm
