cognitive student

Question 1

Kohlberg theory

Answer 1

• children develop ability to think abt gender, as they become more capable of more complex thoughts

Question 2

stage 1 , gender identity

Answer 2

• age 2-3
• able to identify themselves as boy/girl, based on psychical appearance e.g hairstyle

-

Question 3

stage 2, gender stability

Answer 3

• understand that = girls grow into woman = boys grow into men
• they dont understand that gender stays the same regardless of how they look

mcconaghy - found that children thought doll in a dress was a woman when male genitalia was visible

Question 4

stage 3, gender constancy

Answer 4

• 6 years old
• they now understand that gender stays the tisane over time
• they begin to learn behaviours that match their gender, done by observing and imitating role models of the same gender

Question 5

ao3 support research

Answer 5

p- research evidence supports 3 stages

e- slaby and frey, asked children questions like, were you a little boy/girl when you were a baby, found that they dint recognise gender stability till 3-4 years

e- +children who scored highest on stability + constancy = showed greater interest in same sex models

l- suports development stags, and that children who have achieved constancy = pay more attention to same sex models

Question 6

ao3 criticsm age

Answer 6

p- age needs readjusting

e- slaby frey , gender constancy = appeared as young as 5

e- may be bc children have more exposure to gender information nowadays. e.g through media

l- even tho evidence supports the stage, age band = younger than Kohlberg said

Question 7

ao3

Answer 7

p- evidence 4 gender differences in gender development , slaby frey found boys more likely to show gender constancy than girls

e- bc boys= more likely to identify with same gender role models as men are more powerful in society

e- + boys more likely to be punished 4 gender inappropriate behaviours than girls

l- theory = incomplete, as slt may be involved

Question 8

gender schema theory

Answer 8

• way we think abt gender, changes w age = due to development of brain

Question 9

age 2-3 gst

Answer 9

• when child realises their gender = start searching enviro to develop schema

Question 10

age 6, rst

Answer 10

• fixed stereotypical view on whats appropriate for their gender , may disregard info thats not consistent with this stereo

Question 11

age 8

Answer 11

• elaborate schemas for both genders

Question 12

ao3

Answer 12

p- gender indentity forms earlier

e- zosuls , observed children , found they were using gender labels by 19 months

e- children may even show gender-typed prefrences even earlier than this

l- age related predictions of gst = incorrect

Question 13

ao3

Answer 13

p- gender schemas = influence how children process/remember info

e- barbard = study where 4-9 year olds, told that gender neutral objects.e g pizza cutter, either for boys/girls

e- children more interested in objects that matched their own gender, + a week later they remembered more stuff about the objects labelled as their own gender

l- gs= helps children organise new info in memory = so supports existence of gender development