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Tor's Psychology > Cognitive Psychology > Flashcards

Cognitive Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Which two psychologists proposed the multi-store model of memory (MSM)?

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin.

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2
Q

How is information transferred from the sensory memory to the short-term memory?

A

Attention.

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3
Q

How is information transferred from the short-term memory to the long-term memory?

A

Elaborate rehearsal.

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4
Q

What is the encoding of the sensory memory?

A

Auditory, visual, tactile.

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5
Q

What is the encoding of the short-term memory?

A

Acoustic.

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6
Q

What is the encoding of the long-term memory?

A

Semantic.

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7
Q

What is the duration of the short-term memory?

A

~20 seconds.

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8
Q

What is the duration of the long-term memory?

A

Unlimited.

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9
Q

What is the capacity of the short-term memory?

A

7±2 items.

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10
Q

What is the capacity of the long-term memory?

A

Unlimited.

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11
Q

Which study investigated the existence of sensory memory?

A

Sperling.

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12
Q

Which study found that there is a distinction between short- and long-term memory?

A

Glanzer and Cunitz.

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13
Q

What are three pieces of neurological evidence for the distinction between short- and long-term memory?

A

HM, KF, Clive Wearing.

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14
Q

Which two psychologists investigated the capacity of short-term memory?

A
  1. Jacobs.

2. Miller.

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15
Q

Which study investigated the duration of short-term memory?

A

Peterson and Peterson.

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16
Q

Which study investigated the duration of long-term memory?

A

Bahrick.

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17
Q

Which study investigated the encoding of short-term memory?

A

Conrad.

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18
Q

Which study investigated the encoding of long-term memory?

A

Baddeley.

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19
Q

Which psychologists proposed the working memory model?

A

Baddeley and Hitch.

20
Q

What are the four components of the working memory model?

A
  1. Central executive.
  2. Phonological loop.
  3. Visuo-spatial sketchpad.
  4. Episodic buffer.
21
Q

What is the phonological loop further divided into?

A

Articulatory process loop and phonological store.

22
Q

Which study provides evidence for the phonological loop?

A

Baddeley.

23
Q

Which study provides evidence for the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

A

Shepard and Feng.

24
Q

Which study provides evidence for the central executive?

A

Baddeley.

25
Q

Which study (involving the differentiation between a stop and yield sign) investigated the effects of misleading information on EWT accuracy?

A

Loftus.

26
Q

When the stop/yield study was accused of demand characteristics, what did the researcher do?

A

Offered a monetary incentive for providing correct answers. Participants were still influenced by misleading information, and made errors.

27
Q

Which study into EWT investigated high-probability scenarios, and their effect on recall?

A

List.

28
Q

Which study investigated the presence of schemata in EWT?

A

Tuckey and Brewer.

29
Q

Which study into EWT involved a video of a boy being shot in the face?

A

Loftus and Burns.

30
Q

Which study investigated the ‘weapon focus’ effect?

A

Loftus.

31
Q

Which study investigated the effect of proximity on recall?

A

Christianson and Hubinette.

32
Q

Which study investigated the impact on EWT regarding the words “a” and “the”?

A

Loftus and Zanni.

33
Q

Which study investigated the impact on EWT regarding the verb used in the question?

A

Loftus and Palmer.

34
Q

Which researcher said that children were more likely to make identifications, but with less accuracy?

A

Dekle.

35
Q

Which study investigated ‘source monitoring’ in children?

A

Poole and Lindsay.

36
Q

Which study investigated the significance of time delay on children’s recall?

A

Flin.

37
Q

Which study found that elderly people were more likely to fail to mention important details?

A

Yarmey.

38
Q

Which study found that elderly people were more susceptible to misleading information?

A

Cohen and Faulkner.

39
Q

Which study found evidence for the ‘own-age bias’?

A

Anastasi and Rhodes.

40
Q

What are the four stages of the cognitive interview?

A
  1. Recall Everything (RE).
  2. Reinstate Context (RC).
  3. Recall reversed Order (RO).
  4. Recall changed Perspective (RP).
41
Q

Which study found positive results for the use of the cognitive interview?

A

Geiselman.

One man, leaping out of a geyser. At the top of his voice, he quizzes his witnesses.

42
Q

Which memory improvement technique involves the use of a poem, and associations to a list?

A

The peg-word method.

43
Q

Which memory improvement technique involves the use of a known place, and associations with that area?

A

The method of loci.

44
Q

Which study investigated the use of chunking?

A

Katona.

He stands with a katana, slicing chocolate into chunks. All so you can remember his name.

45
Q

Which study found that recall is more successful if recalling in the same room as it was learnt?

A

Jerabek and Standing.

David Beckham with a jerboa on top of his head.
Alone, he stands in a room.
He remembers everything.

46
Q

Which study investigated the effectiveness of active processing?

A

Craik and Lockhart.

The sham of a professor converses with Harry Potter about the craic. Having to actually interact with the foolish man means Harry retains this painful conversation for the rest of his life.

Tor's Psychology (6 decks)

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