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Tor's Psychology > Biological Psychology > Flashcards

Biological Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a stressor?

A

A stimulus/situation imposing demands on an individual.

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2
Q

What is primary appraisal?

A

The person assesses the situation, identifying potential threats or demands.

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3
Q

What is secondary appraisal?

A

The person assesses their ability to cope with the situation.

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4
Q

What is the transactional model?

A

A model of stress. It defines ‘stress’ as an imbalance between perceived demands on an individual and their perceived coping resources.

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5
Q

Who noted that rats developed gastric ulcers following daily injections?

A

Selye.

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6
Q

During the HPA stress response, which hormone is released, and from where?

A

ACTH, from the pituitary gland.

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7
Q

Which part of the adrenal system is stimulated during the HPA stress response?

A

Adrenal cortex.

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8
Q

What does the adrenal system release during the HPA stress response?

A

Corticosteroids.

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9
Q

Which part of the adrenal system is stimulated during the SAM stress response?

A

Adrenal medulla.

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10
Q

What does the adrenal system release during the SAM stress response?

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline.

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11
Q

Who developed the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

A

Selye.

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12
Q

What are the three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome?

A
  1. Alarm.
  2. Resistance.
  3. Exhaustion.
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13
Q

Which study investigated the probability of developing a cold, in relation to stressful life events?

A

Cohen.

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14
Q

Which study investigated the quantity of NK (Natural Killer) cells during stressful times?

A

Kiecolt-Glaser.

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15
Q

Which study investigated the healing times in highly-stressed Alzheimer’s carers.

A

Kiecolt-Glaser.

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16
Q

Which meta-analysis concluded that short-term stressors lead to increased immunity, and long-term stressors lead to suppression of immunity?

A

Segerstrom and Miller.

17
Q

Which study led to the creation of the SRRS?

A

Holmes and Rahe.

18
Q

Which study investigated the link between LCUs and illness in healthy participants?

A

Rahe.

19
Q

Which researcher thought that daily hassles were more significant than life changes?

A

Lazarus.

20
Q

Which two studies found that correlations with daily hassles and illness were stronger than life changes and illness?

A
  1. DeLongis.

2. Stone and Neale.

21
Q

Which four factors contribute to stress at work?

A
  1. Environment.
  2. Work-life balance.
  3. Control over workload.
  4. Workload.
22
Q

Who carried out the Whitehall I and II studies?

A

Marmot.

23
Q

Who carried out a study into Swedish sawmill workers?

A

Johannson.

24
Q

Who studied high demands + low control as a source of high blood pressure?

A

Fox.

25
Q

Which researcher found 69% of CHD sufferers showed Type A behaviour?

A

Rosenman.

26
Q

Which researcher found no significance of Type A behaviour in developing CHD?

A

Shekelle.

27
Q

Which researcher proposed the concept of the hardy personality?

A

Kobasa.

28
Q

Which researcher proposed the concept of the Type D (Distressed) personality?

A

Denollet.

29
Q

What are two major general styles of coping?

A

Problem-focused and emotion-focused.

30
Q

Which study showed that different coping styles are used simultaneously?

A

Tennen.

31
Q

Who created stress inoculation training (SIT)?

A

Meichenbaum.

32
Q

What are the three stages of SIT?

A
  1. Conceptualisation.
  2. Skills training and rehearsal.
  3. Application in the real world.
33
Q

What are the three characteristics of the hardy personality?

A
  1. Control.
  2. Challenge.
  3. Commitment.
34
Q

What research has shown that SIT is effective in reducing examination stress?

A

Berger.

35
Q

What research has shown that SIT is effective in reducing snake-related phobia?

A

Meichenbaum.

36
Q

What are the three stages of hardiness training?

A
  1. Focusing.
  2. Reconstructing stressful situations.
  3. Self-improvement.
37
Q

What research has shown that hardiness training is effective in reducing stress in both teachers and students?

A

Maddi.

38
Q

What are two biological methods of stress management?

A
  1. Benzodiazepines.

2. Beta-blockers.

Tor's Psychology (6 decks)

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