cognitive practical Flashcards

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1
Q

what was the procedure

A

participants were escorted to the room and were given instructions on what to do

word list appeared on projector for 3 seconds and then the word changed

were given 1 minute to write it down

handed in their papers with the word list and participant numbers on them

participants were debriefed after

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2
Q

what was the method

A

lab experiment

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3
Q

what was the IV

A

acoustically similar word list of every day words (man, van, can) and acoustically dissimilar word list of every daw words (pit, few, cow)

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4
Q

what was the sample

A

18 students from Dame Elizabeth Cadbury Sixth Form

aged 16-17

4 17yr olds, 14 16yr olds

11 female

8 male

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5
Q

what was the DV

A

number of every day words recalled in the correct order out of 10

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6
Q

what was the apparatus

A

powerpoint

timings

number of words

type of word

the board

pen

paper

controlled environment

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7
Q

what was the sampling method

A

opportunity

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8
Q

what was the aim

A

to investigate whether short term memory is encoded acoustically

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9
Q

what ethical issues were violated

A

informed consent- we didn’t tell them the aim

deception- not told the true aim

we debriefed them after

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10
Q

what were the controls

A

tested in the same room at the same time

word list and timings were the same

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11
Q

what is the null hypothesis

A

there will be no significant difference between the number of words recalled correctly out of 10 when tested with acoustically similar and dissimilar words

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12
Q

what were the acoustically dissimilar words

A

pit

few

cow

cat

lie

and

mad

pen

sky

who

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13
Q

what was the alternative hypothesis

A

there will be a significant difference between the number of words recalled correctly out of 10 when tested with acoustically similar and dissimilar words

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14
Q

what were the acoustically similar words

A

man

van

can

pan

tan

ban

ran

fan

nan

dan

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15
Q

how could we improve this experiment

A

have a bigger sample with people from different places and a wider age range to increase internal validity

eg. 100 13-18 year olds from schools in Birmingham

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16
Q

evaluate the generalisability of the experiment

A

results cant be generalised to students outside of Dame Elizabeth sixth form

we used 18 16-17 year olds from the sixth form to test STM recall

this is a problem because any memory applications for revision can only be relevant to students from this sixth form

17
Q

evaluate the ethics of the study

A

ethics were good

we used participant numbers to protect memory results and give confidentiality

this prevents them from having psychological harm due to being shamed for having a poor score

18
Q

what was the conclusion

A

results suggest that STM encodes acoustically as those in the AD condition scored significantly higher than those in the AS condition

19
Q

evaluate the validity

A

task was artificial

we used a list of 10 words for each group to remember but that isn’t a daily task

it lacks ecological validity as it doesn’t mirror real life so any memory applications might not be useful

20
Q

what are the practical applications

A

there could be practical applications

AS words were recalled worse than AD words

could be used to develop better revision techniques like not revising similar sounding key terms at the same time

21
Q

evaluate the reliability

A

study is quite reliable as memory was tested consistently

each word was presented on the board for 3 seconds and each participant had 1 min to recall words

this increases internal validity as memory recall was fairly tested for each participant

22
Q

how does our study relate to Baddeleys research

A

our study contradicts his research as we found a significant difference between the 2 word lists and he found no significant difference

23
Q

what were the results

A

critical value of 17

18 participants

Mann Whitney U score= 1

Two tailed hypothesis