baddeley

Question 1

what was the experimental design

Answer 1

lab

Question 2

what is the conclusion

Answer 2

LTM encodes semantically and STM encodes acoustically

Question 3

what were the baseline tests

Answer 3

lists B and D

Question 4

describe the word lists that were used

Answer 4

a- 10 acoustically similar words
b- 10 acoustically dissimilar words
c- 10 semantically similar words
d- 10 semantically dissimilar words

Question 5

evaluate the generalisability

Answer 5

study used equal amounts of men and women and sample number was high which increases external validity
all participants were from the Applied psychology panel at Cambridge so it cant be generalised to anyone outside of that

Question 6

evaluate the ethics

Answer 6

they were good
surprise retest on words deceives participants

Question 7

what was the sample

Answer 7

72 men and women from the Applied Psychology panel at Cambridge University

Question 8

what was the aim

Answer 8

to investigate the influence of semantic and acoustic word similarity on recall in STM and LTM

Question 9

what were the learning trials

Answer 9

visual presentation of a list followed by 6 8 digit sequence recall task, followed by the recall of the list

Question 10

evaluate the validity

Answer 10

independent groups design reduces the likelihood of extraneous variables but decreases ecological validity

it was a lab experiment meaning its artificial, decreasing ecological validity

baseline control groups were used which increases internal validity

Question 11

evaluate the reliability

Answer 11

reliability is good as the word lists were matched for everyday frequency, there was 1 word every 3 seconds and that was the same for everybody and they all had 1 min to recall the word lists

all of this increases internal reliability

Question 12

describe the procedure

Answer 12

each list of words was shown on a projector at a rate of 1 word every 3 seconds

after the participants were required to complete 6 tasks for memory of digits

then they was asked to recall the word list in 1 min by writing it down in the correct order

this was repeated after the 4 trials

after the 4 trials, groups were given a 15 min interference task then a surprise retest on word list

Question 13

what were the results

Answer 13

recall of acoustically similar words was worse than recall of acoustically dissimilar(especially in trial 2)

recall of acoustically similar and acoustically dissimilar wasn’t statistically significant which shows that acoustic encoding was initially hard but didn’t affect LTM

semantically similar words were more difficult to learn than semantically dissimilar words and participants recalled significantly fewer semantically similar words in the retest