cognitive interview Flashcards
what did fisher and greselman do
-review memory literature and police interview techniques
-identified a number of ways standard police interviews could negatively affect eyewitness recall of crimes
what was the issue with police questioning techniques (before cognitive interview)
-promoted jumps between memory modalities (auditory,visual, verbal) and event recall in a non chronological order
what does the cognitive interview focus on
-using retrieval cues
4 stages of the cognitive interview
- report everything
- reinstatement of context
- change order
- change perspective
what happens during mental reinstatement of original context
-interviewee encouraged to mentally recreate both physical and psychological environment of original incident
what may the interviewer say during mental reinstatement of original context
may say “think back to the day the event happened, what was the weather like… how did you feel?”
what is the aim of mental reinstatement of original context
-make memories accessible
-need contextual and emotional cues to retrieve memories
what is involved in report everything
-say every single detail without editing anything out of the event even if its irrelevant
what may an interviewer say in report everything
“please do not leave anything out, I am interested in absolutely everything”- adapted from Bando and miline
how does report everything work
-all memories are interconnected so recollection of one item may cue a lot of other memories
how can small details from report everything help
-recollection of small details can be pulled together from many different eyewitnesses
what do u do in change order
-try alternative timelines of incident
-such as reversing the order of recall by starting from end and going backwards
how does change order work
it prevents pre-existing schema from influencing what you recall
what may the interviewer say in change order
“to start, what ks the very last thing you remember happening… what happened before that”
-adapted from bando and miline
what is change perspective
-recall info from multiple perspectives
-e.g. imagine how it would have appeared to other witnesses at the time
what is the aim of change perspective
-disrupt effect of schemas on recall
what may an interviewer say in change perspective
“try to recall incident from perspective of another person involved in the incident- describe what he/she would’ve seen”
