Cognitive: Grant et al on Context- dependent memory

Question 1

key theme

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

context: environmental context- dependency effect

Answer 2

refers to environmental cues that may trigger you to remember something (like if you go to a certain place, it may trigger recall of a memory that took place there)

Question 3

what type of test was the multiple choice test

Answer 3

recognition test

Question 4

what type of test was the short answer test

Answer 4

recall test

Question 5

aim

Answer 5

look at EC effects with the type of material and tests typically encountered in school
(specifically if they occur in relation to noise/ silence and whether that effects test performance)

Question 6

design and method

Answer 6

field AND lab experiment

independent measures design

Question 7

IVs

Answer 7

1. whether ptcpt read article under noisy or silent conditions
2. whether ptcpt tested under matching or mismatching conditions

Question 8

DV

Answer 8

ptcpts performance on (a) a short-answer recall test and (b) a multiple-choice recall test

Question 9

4 conditions

Answer 9

read silent/test silent

read silent/ test noisy

read noisy/ test silent

read noisy/ test noisy

Question 10

sample

Answer 10

39 ptcpts, age range 17- 56
snowball sample- 8 experimenters chose 5 ptcpts each

Question 11

procedure (5 steps)

Answer 11

1. ptcpts told to read 2 page article on psychoimmunology once over, and allowed to highlight/ underline. They were told comprehension would be tested after with both a short answer and multiple choice test.
2. all ptcpts wore headphones while reading and were told if they’d hear noise or not, and to ignore the noise. Noise was of cafeteria with distinct words/ phrases and other related sounds.
3. time taken to read article was recorded and 2 minutes after tests were taken
4. ptcpts still wore headphones and the short answer test was given first before the multiple choice.
5. ptcpts debriefed afterwards, and the procedure lasted about 30 minutes.

Question 12

results

Answer 12

1. ptcpts performed better on both tests in matched conditions
2. roughly the same amount of time was spent reading the article in all conditions
3. performance was better on the multiple choice tests (recognition) than short answer tests (recall)

Question 13

Mean average score in multiple choice test when the ptcpts were in matched silent condition

Answer 13

14.3

Question 14

Mean average score in multiple choice test when ptcpts were in mismatched noisy study/ silent test

Answer 14

12.7

Question 15

Mean average score in short answer test when ptcpts were in matched silent conditions

Answer 15

6.7

Question 16

Mean average score in short answer test when ptcpts were in mismatched noisy study/ silent test

Answer 16

4.6

Question 17

conclusions

Answer 17

1. significant EC effects present for both types of tests
2. studying and testing in the same environments leads to enhanced performance