cognitive factors

Question 1

Gudjonnson - blame attribution Inventory

Answer 1

the process of attempting to construct causal explanations for your behaviour. external attribution, metal-element, guilt-feeling

Question 2

Hollin

Answer 2

most criminals at pre-conventional level (for reward of it they can avoid punishment). conventional - justified if to maintain relationships/society. Post conventional - justified if it helps maintain human rights or further social justice.

Question 3

Schonenberg and juyste

Answer 3

showed emotionally ambiguous faces to to 55 violent offenders and compared to matched control participants. violent offenders more likely to interpret any picture with some expression of anger as an expression of aggression. suggests aggressive individuals more likely to attribute hostile intent to others leading to aggressive outbursts

Question 4

Kennedy and Grubin

Answer 4

minimilisation. sex offenders accounts of their crime often downplay their actions. e.g. may blame the victims clothing

Question 5

Maruna and Mann

Answer 5

minimalisation fairly normal behaviour, people often blame events on external sources, not exclusive to criminals

Question 6

Gudjonnson

Answer 6

gave 128 male juvy offending motivation questionnaire. 38% didn’t consider consequences. 36% didn’t think they’d get caught. suggests criminals are at a preconventional level of moral reasoning

Question 7

Krebs and Denton

Answer 7

moral principles used to justify behaviour after the crime was committed. no clear cause and effect.