Cognitive Development Theory Flashcards
Who is the proponent of Cognitive Development Theory?
Jean Piaget
The cognitive structure by which individuals intellectually adapt to and organize their environment.
Schema
The process of fitting new experience into an existing created schema.
Assimilation
The process of creating a new schema, different from the previous one.
Accommodation
Achieving proper balance between assimilation and accommodation.
Equilibration
Imbalance between assimilation and accommodation.
Disequilibrium
What are the stages of cognitive development?
SPCF (Smart People Cook Food)
Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
Preoperational (2 to 7 years)
Concrete Operational (7 to 11 years)
Formal Operational (11 years and above)
This stage focuses on the prominence of the senses and muscle movement.
Sensorimotor Stage
The stage when a child is initially reflexive in grasping, sucking, and reaching.
Sensorimotor Stage
The ability where he knows that an object still exists even when out of sight.
Object Permanence
This stage is where preschoolers represent the world “symbolically”.
Preoperational Stage
The ability to represent object and events.
Ex. Takob sa coke, himuon og baso
Symbolic Function
The tendency of a child to only see his point of view and assume that everyone else also has his same point of view.
Ex. Daday bought a Barbie doll for her father’s birthday thinking that her father will like it too since she likes it.
Egocentrism
The tendency of the child to only focus on one thing or event and exclude other aspects.
Ex. There’s water in a long and narrow glass and was transferred to a short and wide glass, yet the child thinks that the long and narrow glass has more water than the short and wide glass.
Centration
The inability to realize that some things remain unchanged despite looking different.
Ex. 20 coins are equivalent to 20 paper bill. The child thinks that coins are more than the paper bill.
Lack of Conservation
The inability to reverse their thinking.
Ex.
2+3=5 (correct)
5-2=3 (wrong)
Irreversibility
The tendency of the child to attribute human like traits to inanimate objects.
Ex. Car accident - child thinks the car is hurt.
Animism
Believing the psychological events such as dreams, are real.
(events that happen in the mind)
Realism
The belief that natural events are man-made.
Ex. Earthquake in Davao; 2 kids (1 chubby, 1 slim)
Slim kid told the chubby kid to stop running to stop the quake; Slim kid thinks that the chubby kid is the one creating the quake.
Artificialism
Errors in cause-effect relationship. Result in sequence of events (repeated events).
Ex. Parents always arrive at home when its night. If you’ll ask the kid what’s the reason why there’s night, the kid will answer “once my parents arrive at home”
Transductive Reasoning
This stage is characterized by the ability of the child to think logically but only in terms of concrete objects; covers the elementary school years.
Concrete Operational Stage
The ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations.
Opposite of centration.
Decentering
The ability of the child to follow that certain operations can be done in reverse.
Ex.
2+3=5 (correct)
5-2=3 (correct)
Reversibility
The ability to know that certain properties of objects like number, mass, volume or area do not change even if there is a change in appearance.
Opposite of Lack of Conservation
Conservation
The ability to arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume, size, etc.
Has order and rank
Seriation
The ability to group or classify things according to one dimension/aspect. It is based on similarity.
Classification
From specific to general
Inductive Reasoning
Thinking becomes more logical. They can now solve abstract problems and can hypothesize.
Formal Operational Stage
Ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and weigh data to make judgment (conclusion).
Hypothetical Reasoning
Ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and use that relationship to narrow down possible answers in similar problems.
Analogical Reasoning
Ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular situation.
Deductive Reasoning
