cognitive development and play Flashcards
what are schemes
mental structures for knowing and categorising actions and experiences
schemes organisation
forming schemes
schemes adaption
evolving schemes
assimilation
new info incorporated into old scheme
accommodation
modification of old scheme to form new ones
infancy scheme
reflexive motor
mental scheme
organising
complex mental scheme
reasoning
Piagets stages of development
sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
age of sensorimotor stage
0-24 months
behaviours at sensorimotor stage
object permanence, repetition of chance behaviours, mental representation
examples of advanced mental representation during sensorimotor stage
deferred imitation, problem-solving, symbolic understanding
age of per operational stage
2-6 years
behaviours of per operational stage
dramatic play, egocentrism
things kids can’t do at the per operational stage
conservation [understanding volume remains if the shape changes], decentralisation [take multiple pieces of info into account]
age of concrete operational stage
7-11 years
behaviour in concrete operational stage
inductive logic, abstract schemes, class grouping, reversibility
what can kids not do concrete operational stage
deductive reasoning, cannot make mental reps of things they have not experienced
age of formal operational stage
11+ years
behaviour in formal operation stage
systematic problem solving, naïve idealism, hypothetico-deductive reasoning
criticism of Piaget
stages are too strictly bound by age, overlook the social nature of development, underestimate the cognitive capacity of infants
who developed the sociocultural theory
Vygotsky
sociocultural theory
emphasises the role of culture in cognitive development
scaffolding
child is guided by adults and older children
zone of proximal development
convo questions and play just above the childs ability
criticism of vygotsky
vague in explanation of change
two main areas of play research
content and motive
play in infancy [0-4 months]
primary and secondary circular reactions [piaget]
tertiary circular reactions
2-3 years, experimentation often still object focused
manipulation
paint, puzzles, blocks age 3-4 years
motor play
1 yo begin to leave a mark, scribble, clay etc at age 3 fine motor skills develop and they being to colour
social play with adults
zone of proximal development scaffolding
social play with children
reciprocal social interactions, chasing, give and take
pretend play
1 yo starts, individual, brush teeth be on the phone, age 3-4 pretend with dolls
what is pretend play development closely linked with
language development and executive function
what skill is construction play linked with
logico-mathematical skills,
circular reactions
repetation on action
primary circular reaction
ineffective repetitive behaviors
secondary circular reactions
repetition of actions that are followed by reinforcement, typically without understanding causation
tertiary circular reaction
repetitive object manipulation, typically with slight variations among subsequent behaviors
