cognitive development and play

Question 1

what are schemes

Answer 1

mental structures for knowing and categorising actions and experiences

Question 2

schemes organisation

Answer 2

forming schemes

Question 3

schemes adaption

Answer 3

evolving schemes

Question 4

assimilation

Answer 4

new info incorporated into old scheme

Question 5

accommodation

Answer 5

modification of old scheme to form new ones

Question 6

infancy scheme

Answer 6

reflexive motor

Question 7

mental scheme

Answer 7

organising

Question 8

complex mental scheme

Answer 8

reasoning

Question 9

Piagets stages of development

Answer 9

sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 10

age of sensorimotor stage

Answer 10

0-24 months

Question 11

behaviours at sensorimotor stage

Answer 11

object permanence, repetition of chance behaviours, mental representation

Question 12

examples of advanced mental representation during sensorimotor stage

Answer 12

deferred imitation, problem-solving, symbolic understanding

Question 13

age of per operational stage

Answer 13

2-6 years

Question 14

behaviours of per operational stage

Answer 14

dramatic play, egocentrism

Question 15

things kids can’t do at the per operational stage

Answer 15

conservation [understanding volume remains if the shape changes], decentralisation [take multiple pieces of info into account]

Question 16

age of concrete operational stage

Answer 16

7-11 years

Question 17

behaviour in concrete operational stage

Answer 17

inductive logic, abstract schemes, class grouping, reversibility

Question 18

what can kids not do concrete operational stage

Answer 18

deductive reasoning, cannot make mental reps of things they have not experienced

Question 19

age of formal operational stage

Answer 19

11+ years

Question 20

behaviour in formal operation stage

Answer 20

systematic problem solving, naïve idealism, hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Question 21

criticism of Piaget

Answer 21

stages are too strictly bound by age, overlook the social nature of development, underestimate the cognitive capacity of infants

Question 22

who developed the sociocultural theory

Answer 22

Vygotsky

Question 23

sociocultural theory

Answer 23

emphasises the role of culture in cognitive development

Question 24

scaffolding

Answer 24

child is guided by adults and older children

Question 25

zone of proximal development

Answer 25

convo questions and play just above the childs ability

Question 26

criticism of vygotsky

Answer 26

vague in explanation of change

Question 27

two main areas of play research

Answer 27

content and motive

Question 28

play in infancy [0-4 months]

Answer 28

primary and secondary circular reactions [piaget]

Question 29

tertiary circular reactions

Answer 29

2-3 years, experimentation often still object focused

Question 30

manipulation

Answer 30

paint, puzzles, blocks age 3-4 years

Question 31

motor play

Answer 31

1 yo begin to leave a mark, scribble, clay etc at age 3 fine motor skills develop and they being to colour

Question 32

social play with adults

Answer 32

zone of proximal development scaffolding

Question 33

social play with children

Answer 33

reciprocal social interactions, chasing, give and take

Question 34

pretend play

Answer 34

1 yo starts, individual, brush teeth be on the phone, age 3-4 pretend with dolls

Question 35

what is pretend play development closely linked with

Answer 35

language development and executive function

Question 36

what skill is construction play linked with

Answer 36

logico-mathematical skills,

Question 37

circular reactions

Answer 37

repetation on action

Question 38

primary circular reaction

Answer 38

ineffective repetitive behaviors

Question 39

secondary circular reactions

Answer 39

repetition of actions that are followed by reinforcement, typically without understanding causation

Question 40

tertiary circular reaction

Answer 40

repetitive object manipulation, typically with slight variations among subsequent behaviors