Cognitive Biases

Question 1

Confirmation bias

Answer 1

Tendency to search for information supporting our beliefs or behaviour - ignoring contradictory information

Remember confirmation = agree/’truth’

Question 2

Actor-observer bias

Answer 2

ACTOR - tendency to attribute own actions to external factors and situational factors

OBSERVER - attributing others actions to internal factors

Ex - you drop a mug, you think it was slippery, someone else drops a mug, you think their clumsy

Question 3

Self serving bias

Answer 3

Tendency to attribute positive success to internal character and actions or attribute failure to external factors or situational factors.

Question 4

False consensus bias

Answer 4

Tendency to overestimate the degree in which other people share the same idea and attribution as you.

Question 5

Halo effect

Answer 5

Tendency for the impression we form about the quality of a person to influence our overall beliefs about the person in other respects.

Person has good grades - really smart / amazing woww

Question 6

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 6

Tendency to overemphasise personal characteristics - ignore situations - tend to think someone behaves badly because they are a bad or good person

Might occur cause observers are generally unaware of situation - may be influenced by just-world hypothesis

Question 7

Just-word hypothesis

Answer 7

Cognitive bias - people believe that the world is fair or just (karma)