cognitive area year 2 Flashcards
what is the classic study of year 2 cognitive area?
moray (1959)
what is the contemporary study of the year 2 cognitive area?
Simon and Chabris (1999)
what is attention?
attention is the cognitive process that enables us to select some information to conecnetrate on while rejecting other information
what is a dichotic listening task?
2 different messages are played at the same time, one to each ear
the participant is asked to shadow (repeat) one of the messages, and told to reject (ignore) the other message
what is the Cocktail Party Effect?
the ability to tune in to one voice or conversation, while tuning other conversations out
what was the aim of Moray’s first experiment?
they wanted to investigate whether focusing on a specific piece of auditory information means you don’t process anything from another message
what was the sample of Moray’s first experiment?
undergraduate students and research workers from both sexes
what was the design of Moray Experiment 1?
repeated measures
what were the IVs of Moray Experiment 1?
dichotic listening test and the recognition test
what was the DV of Moray Experiment 1?
number of words recognised in the rejected message
what was the procedure of Moray Experiment 1?
Moray used a dichotic listening task. Ps had to shadow their right ear (called the attended message) in which a passage of fiction was read. Simultaneously in their left ear, they had a word list being repeated 35 times, although they were asked to ignore this (called the rejected message)
ps then completed a word recognition test. the test had 21 words. Participants had to identify the words they recognised
7 of the words were taken from the fictional passage, 7 were from the rejected message and 7 words weren’t in either message
mean number of words recognised from the passage in moray 1?
4.9
mean number of words identified which were not in either the attended or unattended sources in moray 1?
2.6
conclusion of moray 1?
selective attention does happen. the results supported what Colin Cherry said– unattended information isn’t processed and therefore isn’t recognised
apparatus used in moray 1?
Brenell Mark IV tape recorder with twin amplifiers which had two independent outputs– one to each ear in the headphones
controls used in moray 1?
asked ps if loudness matched in each ear
loudness - 60Db
ps had 4 ‘shadowing’ practice trials
speech was about 150 words per minute
all recordings were a male speaker
what was the aim of Moray 2?
aimed to investigate whether meaningful information such as a person’s name could penetrate the block on the rejected message and divert attention
aimed to test this by giving people instructions with or without their name
what was the sample of moray 2?
12 ps, undergraduates, research workers, of both sexes
IV of moray 2?
affective cue or no affective cue
design of moray 2?
repeated measures