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Biology and Psychology > Cognitive Area > Flashcards

Cognitive Area Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the assumptions of the Cognitive Area?

A

Behaviour is influenced by internal mental process such as perception, attention and memory. The mind works in a way similar to a computer, involving input, processing and output.

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2
Q

What are the key themes within the Cognitive Area and name the 2 studies within each theme.

A
  • Memory
  • Loftus and Palmer
  • Grant
  • Attention
  • Moray
  • Simons and Chabris
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3
Q

How are Loftus & Palmer and Grant similar in their Research Methods?

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4
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How are Loftus & Palmer and Grant similar in their Practical Applications?

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5
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How are Loftus & Palmer and Grant similar in their Ethics?

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6
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How are Loftus & Palmer and Grant similar in their Data Collected?

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7
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How are Loftus & Palmer and Grant similar in their Sample?

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8
Q

To what extent does the contemporary study change our understanding of the key theme of memory?

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9
Q

How does memory link to cultural diversity?

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10
Q

How does memory link to social diversity?

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11
Q

How does memory link to individual diversity?

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12
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How are Moray and Simons & Chabris similar in their research methods?

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13
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How are Moray and Simons & Chabris similar in their ethics?

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14
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How are Moray and Simons & Chabris similar in their practical applications?

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15
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How are Moray and Simons & Chabris similar in their data collected?

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16
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How are Moray and Simons & Chabris similar in their sample?

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17
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To what extent does the contemporary study change our understanding of the key theme of attention?

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18
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How does attention link to individual diversity?

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19
Q

How does attention link to social diversity?

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20
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How does attention link to cultural diversity?

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21
Q

What is the background of Loftus & Palmer?

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The study is based on Barlett’s schema theory, which suggests that memories can be influenced by the previous knowledge of a person. Therefore, Loftus and Palmer wanted to investigate whether our previous knowledge influences our memory, as well as the effects of leading questions on memory.

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22
Q

What is the aim of Loftus & Palmer?

A

To investigate the ways in which memory can be influenced by post-event information.

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23
Q

What is the method of Loftus & Palmer?

A

Two laboratory experiments. Both experiments used an independent measures design.

24
Q

What is the sample of Loftus & Palmer?

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The sample in experiment 1 consisted of 45 undergraduate psychology students from the University of Washington.

The sample in experiment 2 consisted of 150 undergraduate psychology students from the University of Washington.

Both samples in the study used opportunity sampling. The participants were Elizabeth Loftus’ students from the University of Washington.

25
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What is the procedure of Loftus & Palmer?

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In Experiment 1, all 45 participants were shown the same seven film clips of different traffic accidents which were originally made as part of a driver safety film. After each clip, participants were given a questionnaire which asked them a series of questions about the accident. There was one critical question in the questionnaire: “About how fast were the cars going when they “blank” each other?” The blank was either hit, smashed, collided, bumped or contacted.

In Experiment 2, all 150 participants were shown a one-minute video. During the video there was a 4-second multiple car crash. They were then given a questionnaire which asked them to answer a set of questions about the incident. There was a critical question about speed: One group of 50 participants were asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” – Another group of 50 was asked, “About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?” – The third group of 50 did not have a question about the speed of the cars. One week later, all participants, without seeing the film again, completed another questionnaire about the accident which contained the further critical question, “Did you see any broken glass – Yes/No?” There had been no broken glass in the original film.

26
Q

What is the findings of Loftus & Palmer?

A

Mean speed estimates for each of the five different verbs in Experiment 1:
* Smashed: 40.5 mph
* Collided: 39.3 mph
* Bumped: 38.1 mph
* Hit: 34.0 mph
* Contacted: 31.8 mph

Participants who saw broken glass in Experiment 2:
* Smashed: 16
* Hit: 7
* Control: 6
Participants who did not see broken glass:
* Smashed: 34
* Hit: 43
* Control: 44

27
Q

What is the conclusion of Loftus & Palmer?

A

Post event information can distort memories and leading questions may lead to false memories.

28
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What is the background of Grant?

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29
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What is the aim of Grant?

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30
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What is the method of Grant?

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31
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What is the sample of Grant?

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32
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What is the procedure of Grant?

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33
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What is the findings of Grant?

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34
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What is the conclusion of Grant?

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35
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What is the background of Moray?

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36
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What is the aim of Moray?

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37
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What is the method of Moray?

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38
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What is the sample of Moray?

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39
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What is the procedure of Moray?

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40
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What is the findings of Moray?

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41
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What is the conclusion of Moray?

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42
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What is the background of Simons & Chabris?

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43
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What is the aim of Simons & Chabris?

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44
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What is the method of Simons & Chabris?

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45
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What is the sample of Simons & Chabris?

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46
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What is the procedure of Simons & Chabris?

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47
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What is the findings of Simons & Chabris?

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48
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What is the conclusion of Simons & Chabris?

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49
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How does Loftus & Palmer’s study link to it’s key theme?

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50
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How does Grant’s study link to it’s key theme?

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51
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How does Moray’s study link to it’s key theme?

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52
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How does Simons & Chabris’ study link to it’s key theme?

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53
Q

How does Loftus & Palmer’s study link to the Social Area?

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54
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How does Grant’s study link to the Social Area?

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55
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How does Moray’s study link to the Social Area?

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56
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How does Simons & Chabris’ study link to the Social Area?

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Biology and Psychology (16 decks)

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