Cognitive approach

Question 1

Main assumptions of the Cognitive Approach

Answer 1

• Behaviour is controlled by internal mental processes
• Mind = information processor
• Computer models and theoretical models are used to explain behaviour

Question 2

Computer Models (Flow chart)

Answer 2

Input –> Processing –> Output

Input - stimuli from environment
Processing - Analysing stimulus
Output - Responding to the stimulus

Question 3

Theoretical models

Answer 3

Simplified, pictoral respresentations based on research (e.g. Multi-Store Model)

Question 4

Schema

Answer 4

A ‘packet’ of knowledge on a topic that comes from prior experience. E.g. What a classroom may look like

Question 5

Pros and cons of schemas

Answer 5

Pros:
* Allows us to quickly interpret questions
* Can help fill in gaps when information is missing

Cons:
* Can sometimes distort how we interpret information, leading to perpetual errors

Question 6

Role of cognitive neuroscience

Answer 6

Cognitive neuroscience: the scientific study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes

Non-invasive scientic methods can be used to study the brain. PET scans and fMRI are used.

Question 7

Strength of cognitive approach

Answer 7

1. Uses highly controlled methods that produce reliable, objective data. E.G. laboratory experiments
2. Can be applied to many other areas of psychology to help understand behaviour e.g. in psychopathology (depression - faulty info processing)

Question 8

Weakness of cognitive approach

Answer 8

Machine reductionism - may not be appropriate to use a computer analogy to explain human behaviour