Cognition, Consciousness, and Language

Question 1

Stages of Sleeping, Waves, and Features

Answer 1

Awake (Alpha/Beta): Awake
1(Theta): Light sleep
2 (Theta): Sleeping spindles and K complexes
3/4 (Delta): Slow-wave sleep, dreams, declarative memory consolidation
REM (Beta): Appears awake, paralyzed, dreams, procedural memory consolidation

Question 2

Drug addiction is mediated by…

Answer 2

Mesolimbic Pathway
-Nucleus accumbens
-Medial forebrain bundle
-Ventral tegmental area

Question 3

Drug Groups and Function

Answer 3

Depressant: Relax and reduce anxiety
Stimulants: Increase Arousal
Opioids: Decrease pain
Hallucinogens: Hallucinate

Marijuana is all except opiods

Question 4

Piaget First Stage

Answer 4

Sensorimotor: manipulate environment via circular reactions, object permanence is developed

Child interacts with environment

Question 5

Piaget Second Stage

Answer 5

Preoperational: Symbolic thinking, egocentrism, centration

Focus on one thing at a time and mainly on themselves

Question 6

Piaget Third Stage

Answer 6

Concrete Operational: Understanding the feelings of others

Child can hold a conversation

Question 7

Piaget Fourth Stage

Answer 7

Formal Operational: Abstract Thought and Problem Solving

Child can think about their future

Question 8

Problem Solving Techniques

Answer 8

Trail and Error
Algorithms
Deductive Reasoning (Via rules)
Inductive Reasoning (Via evidence)

Question 9

Two types of Attention

Answer 9

Selective - One thing at a time
Divided - Multiple things at a time

Question 10

Language Areas

Answer 10

Wernicke’s Area: language comprehension
Broca’s Area: motor function speech
Arcuate Fasciculus: connects the above two and helps us repeat what we heard AND undertsood