Cognition Flashcards
Cognition?
Mental processes to used to receive and perceive information received from senses, and transform it into ideas and goal-directed actions.
1st = need Arousal 2nd = need Orientation 3rd = need Attention
Arousal?
The state of responsiveness to sensory stimulation
The ability to respond to sensory feedback
Eg) hot coffee = you know it will be hot so drink it slowly
Orientation?
Awareness of the current situation, environment and passage of time
- Person
- Place
- Time
Attention?
Foundational cognitive skill
- Pre-curser to memory
We need it for memory, learning, active attention/process & usually guided by eye
Pre-frontal Cortex
f no pre-frontal attention difficult to work with = attention deficit, they cannot attend
If attention is an issue then we focus our attention first in treatment so the brain is attending to what is being said (GOAL #1)
Sustained Attention?
keeping attention on one thing over period of time
If don’t have a reason or motivation to do it then you lose interest
EG) Bryce—– Sustained = Raise you hand when hear a letter B
- Grade UP by saying hear letter G AND B
Selective Attention?
You think you have all the info but you are selective to what you observe & don’t get all the info
EG) Bryce—- Selective = reducing distractions
Take out all jacks & queens out of deck of cards
- Grade UP by have him talk to me while doing it or using more cards, or sequence cards from ace to king
Divided Attention?
Attending to two SAME stimuli at once
Alternating Attention?
Attending to one DIFFERENT task at a time
Memory?
The precursor for all learning
- if don’t have it they cannot learn something new
Sensory info -> Selective attn -> Encoding -> Storage -> Retrieval
Types of Memory?
Short-term memory:
Temporary storage of 7 chunks (+/- 2) of information
Working memory:
- A mental work space, temporary storage and manipulation of info
- Critical to FUNCTION (remember go to lab AND get a coffee on way)
Long-term memory:
- Permanent storage
- Declarative (facts & info) vs Procedural (how to get things done eg.laundry) memory
Prospective memory:
- Remembering to perform a task in the future
- Critical to function
- Places high demand on working memory
Retrieval: Free Recall vs Recognition?
Free recall is good to have to be able to pull up the info you need
eg) needs to be well encoded(using lab) so when need to use them you can pull it up & use the info. eg. patient safety
Recognition?
Recognition:
= 2 walkers, both silver, one 2 wheeled, one standard, which one did we use last time?
- if cant answer he didn’t encode it well so no free recall
- if doesn’t remember lifting walker but remembers dragging then this is you cuing to pullout the info so he remembers
- **encoding is important so need to know as an OTA
- if free recall/recognition is part on my role to determine where problem is so work around encoding so Joe remembers free recall. Joe will never be safe if we do not teach him this
Abilities sequence - lowest to highest?
1 = orientation 2 = sustained 3 = divided 4 = recognition 5 = free recall
Learning?
Information processing that allows for
- Encoding of NEW information
- Retrieval of information
Trying to learn the brain something new when they brain is broken (just like hip precautions for a broken hip)
When treating for memory matching card games etc.. Is mean UNLESS you have done encoding because you haven’t taught them to do it any better
Need selective ATTENTION (selective sustained is better)
AWARENESS & INTEREST (why we are using this technique/working on memory, cause they often don’t remember why, so need this attention & interest to function)
ENCODING = MEMORY
If achieve working memory then it will be stored into long term then we use it to function every day
- That is why this sequence is important for treatment
- If do not have these 3 they don’t see why we do it & nothing will work, we need these 3 to encode,
Strategies for Encoding?
Repetition (over & over) = the weakest strategy
Consolidation = based on information you already know (kindergarten) We build on it
