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Physical Dysfunction II > Cognition > Flashcards

Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

cognitive functions most commonly affected by ischemic stroke

A

language
attention
orientation
memory

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2
Q

cognitive functioning is a predictor of

A

functional impairment

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3
Q

goal of OT in pts with cognitive deficits

A

help client cope with impairments that result in reduced ability or participation

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4
Q

things the therapist should test before cognitive testing

A

sensory systems
language
visual systems
perceptual systems

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5
Q

important considerations when performing cognitive testing

A

**testing environment
input from healthcare team before determining results
observe in a number of settings
use standardized tests

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6
Q

optimal test battery for cognitive testing

A

standardized test

observation during functional tasks

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7
Q

areas of cognition

A

attention
memory
executive function
?

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8
Q

spatial attention

A

ability to attend to environment

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9
Q

selective attention

A

ability to maintain a consistent behavioral set requiring activation and inhibition of responses that are dependent on the selection of target stimuli from background stimuli

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10
Q

sustained attention

A

ability to maintain a consistent response set during continuous or repetitve activity

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11
Q

alternating attention

A

ability to switch response sets as a response to environmental cues so that two activities with distinct reponse requirements can be performed in space (finish one task and move on to another)

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12
Q

divided attention

A

ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks

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13
Q

does TBI/CVA affect automatic processing

A

no

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14
Q

standardized tests for attention

A

Test of everyday attention

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15
Q

interventions for attention deficit

A
  • highly structured activities designed to stress specific attentional systems
  • attention process training
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16
Q

attention process training

A

hierarchies of treatment tasks for each component of attention

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17
Q

memory system most likely to be impaired in TBI, stroke, and early dementia

A

episodic memory

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18
Q

function of short term/working memory

A

short term storage and processing of small amounts of information 7+/-2

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19
Q

function of episodic memory

A

may have a short term or long term encoding process; memory for events with perceptual and temporal correlates still attached to them

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20
Q

function of semantic memory

A

knowledge about the word (facts); general knowledge without acquisition context

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21
Q

function of perceptual priming

A

object identification

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22
Q

function of conceptual priming

A

activation of knowledge structures

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23
Q

function of associative conditioning

A

mapping of relationships established through repetitive painings; a tendency to respond in a certain way to a consistent cue

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24
Q

function of habituation

A

reduction in response to repetitive stimuli

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25
Q

function of sensitization

A

increased response to repetitive stimuli

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26
Q

location of STM/WM in brain

A

primary ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex

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27
Q

location of episodic memory in brain

A

hippocampus, medial temporal structures, diencephalic and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex

28
Q

location of semantic memory in brain

A

wide distribution in neocortex

29
Q

location of motor skill learning in brain

A

basal ganglia, cerebellum, frontal lobes help when learning and executing

30
Q

location of associative conditioning in brain

A

basal ganglia, cerebellum

31
Q

location of habituation in brain

A

basal ganglia and cerebellum

32
Q

location of sensitization in brain

A

limbic cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum

33
Q

evaluation of memory

A

assess orientation (person, place, time)
structured interview of client and family
standardized testing
observation of client in daily routines

34
Q

order aspects of orientation return

A

person
place
time

35
Q

progressive loss of orientation in dementia occurs in what order

A

time
place
person

36
Q

memory retraining methods

A
  1. resistution/remedial
  2. substitution/adaptive
  3. over-learn tasks
37
Q

external memory techniques

A

checklists
time tables
memory books
daily organizers

38
Q

internal memory strategies

A

not very effective
visual imagery
verbal elaboration methods

39
Q

components of executive function

A

goal formation
planning and carrying out plan
effective performance

40
Q

standardized assessment of executive function

A

EFPT

41
Q

components of problem solving

A

attention
memory
planning and organizing
reasoning & making judgements

42
Q

2/3 of clients with acure right hemisphere stroke also have

A

unilateral neglect

43
Q

3 attentional processes

A

orienting
target detection
tonic arousal

44
Q

orienting

A

ability to orient to visual stimula in space

45
Q

target detection

A

locating a specific object and responding to it

46
Q

tonic arousal

A

alert state of stimuli in a certain area (located in right side of brain)

47
Q

paper and pencil assessments of hemi-neglect

A

line bisection test
draw an object
letter or number cancellation tasks

48
Q

behavioral inattention test

A

Part 1: paper & pencil tasks (line crossing, letter cancellation, etc)
Part 2: behavioral tests: picture scanning, telephone dialing, menu reading, etc
*Client only does part 2 if he/she falls below cutoff score on part 1

49
Q

interventions for visual neglect

A

visual scanning training
prism adaptation
limb activation training
general arousal/vigilance training

50
Q

appreciative visual agnosia

A

final integration of perceptual attributes (seen with widespread brain pathology)

51
Q

associative agnosia

A

can see object with clarity to match or draw it, but do not know what object is

52
Q

intervention for agnosia

A

limit task demands

avoid conflicting stimulus demands

53
Q

apraxia

A

disorders of skilled purposeful movement that cannot be accounted for by weakness, abnormal tone, sensory loss, etc

54
Q

apraxia is also associated with what other perceptual disorder?

A

agnosia (due to L hemisphere)

55
Q

limb-kinetic apraxia

A

difficulty making fine skilled movements (most often finger movement)

56
Q

ideomotor apraxia

A

unable to perform a purposeful motor task on command, even though he/she understands the idea or concept of the task

57
Q

ideational apraxia

A

cannot carry out a series of actions in the sequence required to achieve the goal

58
Q

oral apraxia

A

difficulty with oral motor movements

-feeding, initaiting swallowing

59
Q

signs of apraxia during functional activity

A
  • clumsy
  • marked delay in following a command
  • appear attentive to commands, but then do something else
  • perform half of a task and then turn to another action
  • profound difficulties in using or manipulating objects
60
Q

evaluate apraxia

A
  • ask client to gesture in response to command (ie, wave goodbye, tool use)
  • ask client to perform serial acts that require a specific order of execution (write and mail a letter, brush teeth)
61
Q

interventions for apraxia

A
  1. environmental modifications
  2. practice of functional activities
  3. compensatory strategies

-verbal commands are difficult for these patients, so gesturing may be more helpful

62
Q

principles of motivational interviewing

A
  1. express empathy
  2. develop discrepancy
  3. avoid argumentation
  4. roll with resistance
  5. support self-efficacy
63
Q

system of least prompts

A

therapist provides cues arranged from most general to most specific

64
Q

time-delay procedures

A
  1. cue designed to elicit next step in chain is delivered to coincide with completion of the previous step in the chain
  2. a defined interval is inserted between the occurance of the stimulus and the response-eliciting cue (interval can be progressive or constant)
65
Q

control of behavior by antecedant

A

indirect way to initiate a desired behavior when a direct approach has been ineffective (ie. hand client a shirt instead of saying “get dressed”)

Physical Dysfunction II (16 decks)

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