cog and bio psych lecture 6

Question 1

what is an object?

Answer 1

a thing you can see or touch that isn’t usually a living animal plant or person

Question 2

Who created Gestalt psychology?

Answer 2

German scientists (Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler) circa 1910

Question 3

what does Gestalt mean?

Answer 3

whole

Question 4

What does Gestalt psych suggest?

Answer 4

that perception could not be done by breaking it down into parts but by considering the whole experience

Question 5

what are the Gestalt laws of perceptual organisation?

Answer 5

law of proximity, similarity, closure, good continuation and common fate.

Question 6

What is the law of pragnanz?

Answer 6

the law of simplicitiy

Question 7

What does the law of simplicity mean?

Answer 7

the percept you see should be the simplest interpretation of the scene

Question 8

Evaluating the laws

Answer 8

not a near complete description of perceptual organisation

provide us some framework on how to separate figure from the ground

Question 9

refer to image (world is complex)

Answer 9

refer to image (world is complex)

Question 10

What is one of the most difficult task the visual system must perform?

Answer 10

object recognition

Question 11

What are the two theories of object recognition?

Answer 11

image based models
structural based models

Question 12

What is an image based model? (Poggio & Edelman (1990) Bulthoff & Edelman (1992) Ullman (1989) Riesenhuber & Poggio
(2000) )

Answer 12

specific views are stored and recogntion oerformance is based on generalisation from these

Question 13

what do images based models envode

Answer 13

structured templates of viewpoint dependent representations

Question 14

What does structural description model give? Biederman (1987), Hummel & Biederman (1992) Marr & Nishihara (1978), Leek, Reppa & Arguin (2005)

Answer 14

information about the 3D structure of an object extracted from a single view

Question 15

What does Marr say?

Answer 15

object parts are rep’ed independently of their spatial configuration and viewpoint

Question 16

What are objects represented by>

Answer 16

basic shape units called geons (check lecture 6 cog and bio)

Question 17

what are geons?

Answer 17

defined by variations in a small number of basic parameters called non accidental properties (NAP)

Question 18

what are NAP properties?

Answer 18

curvilinearity
parallelism
cotermination
symmetry
collinearity

Question 19

what is curvilinearity?

Answer 19

curviness in the 2D imafe cuased by curve on object

Question 20

what is parallelism?

Answer 20

lines in parallel in 2D object caused by parallel lines on an object

Question 21

what is symmetry?

Answer 21

axis of symmetry in 2D imafe reflect the axis of symmetry on object

Question 22

what is collinearity?

Answer 22

a straight lien in the 2D image is caused by straight line in an object

Question 23

pictures in week 6 cog and bio pg 4

Answer 23

pictures in week 6 cog and bio pg 4

Question 24

role of of view point generalisation

Answer 24

better accuracy at the learnt rather than interpolate viewpoints

argues for image based models

Question 25

effects of stereo depth info

Answer 25

although not sig in all experiments, 3D viewing condition easier to perform argues for structural description models

Question 26

what is the canonical viewpoint?

Answer 26

image of an object that is the most representative

Question 27

Experiment on C.V. by Palmer, Rosch and Chase in 1981

Answer 27

ppts shown views of an object and asked to rate how much each one looked like the objects they depict scale 1 = very much like 7 = very unlike

Question 28

results of this study

Answer 28

when presenting all viewpoints same frequency observers had preference for specific viewpoints few viewpoints presented, recognition better for previously seen viewpoints

Question 29

What is our visual system active in?

Answer 29

attempt's to organise our perceptual input, happens without conscious effort

Question 30

what is apophenia?

Answer 30

seeing faces in everyday objects

Question 31

why is face recognition important to psychology

Answer 31

involves within cat discrim - not is it a face but which face - discrim between members of same category, discirm of patterns of same features e.g. eyes, mouth, nose

Question 32

What does Devlin 1976 argue?

Answer 32

errors in face recog can have catastrophic consequences EWT

Question 33

is face recognition special Johnson and Morton (1991)?

Answer 33

new born babies preferentially view face from day 1 (9 minutes)

Question 34

is face recognition special (Meltzoff and Moore, 1977)?

Answer 34

expression analysis seems to be innate - though we already accept that this is independent of recognition

Question 35

what does the Featural hypothesis suggest? (Garner, 1978).

Answer 35

faces primarily remembered due to facial features

Question 36

what does the configurational hypothesis suggest (Bartlett & Searcy, 1993; Diamond & Carey, 1986)?

Answer 36

places emphasis on the relationship amongst facial features