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Cognitive and biological psychology > cog and bio psych lecture 6 > Flashcards

cog and bio psych lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is an object?

A

a thing you can see or touch that isn’t usually a living animal plant or person

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2
Q

Who created Gestalt psychology?

A

German scientists (Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler) circa 1910

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3
Q

what does Gestalt mean?

A

whole

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4
Q

What does Gestalt psych suggest?

A

that perception could not be done by breaking it down into parts but by considering the whole experience

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5
Q

what are the Gestalt laws of perceptual organisation?

A

law of proximity, similarity, closure, good continuation and common fate.

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6
Q

What is the law of pragnanz?

A

the law of simplicitiy

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7
Q

What does the law of simplicity mean?

A

the percept you see should be the simplest interpretation of the scene

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8
Q

Evaluating the laws

A

not a near complete description of perceptual organisation

provide us some framework on how to separate figure from the ground

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9
Q

refer to image (world is complex)

A

refer to image (world is complex)

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10
Q

What is one of the most difficult task the visual system must perform?

A

object recognition

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11
Q

What are the two theories of object recognition?

A

image based models
structural based models

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12
Q

What is an image based model? (Poggio & Edelman (1990) Bulthoff & Edelman (1992) Ullman (1989) Riesenhuber & Poggio
(2000) )

A

specific views are stored and recogntion oerformance is based on generalisation from these

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13
Q

what do images based models envode

A

structured templates of viewpoint dependent representations

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14
Q

What does structural description model give? Biederman (1987), Hummel & Biederman (1992) Marr & Nishihara (1978), Leek, Reppa & Arguin (2005)

A

information about the 3D structure of an object extracted from a single view

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15
Q

What does Marr say?

A

object parts are rep’ed independently of their spatial configuration and viewpoint

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16
Q

What are objects represented by>

A

basic shape units called geons (check lecture 6 cog and bio)

17
Q

what are geons?

A

defined by variations in a small number of basic parameters called non accidental properties (NAP)

18
Q

what are NAP properties?

A

curvilinearity
parallelism
cotermination
symmetry
collinearity

19
Q

what is curvilinearity?

A

curviness in the 2D imafe cuased by curve on object

20
Q

what is parallelism?

A

lines in parallel in 2D object caused by parallel lines on an object

21
Q

what is symmetry?

A

axis of symmetry in 2D imafe reflect the axis of symmetry on object

22
Q

what is collinearity?

A

a straight lien in the 2D image is caused by straight line in an object

23
Q

pictures in week 6 cog and bio pg 4

A

pictures in week 6 cog and bio pg 4

24
Q

role of of view point generalisation

A

better accuracy at the learnt rather than interpolate viewpoints

argues for image based models

25
Q

effects of stereo depth info

A

although not sig in all experiments, 3D viewing condition easier to perform

argues for structural description models

26
Q

what is the canonical viewpoint?

A

image of an object that is the most representative

27
Q

Experiment on C.V. by Palmer, Rosch and Chase in 1981

A

ppts shown views of an object and asked to rate how much each one looked like the objects they depict

scale 1 = very much like
7 = very unlike

28
Q

results of this study

A

when presenting all viewpoints same frequency observers had preference for specific viewpoints

few viewpoints presented, recognition better for previously seen viewpoints

29
Q

What is our visual system active in?

A

attempt’s to organise our perceptual input, happens without conscious effort

30
Q

what is apophenia?

A

seeing faces in everyday objects

31
Q

why is face recognition important to psychology

A

involves within cat discrim
- not is it a face but which face
- discrim between members of same category, discirm of patterns of same features e.g. eyes, mouth, nose

32
Q

What does Devlin 1976 argue?

A

errors in face recog can have catastrophic consequences

EWT

33
Q

is face recognition special Johnson and Morton (1991)?

A

new born babies preferentially view face from day 1 (9 minutes)

34
Q

is face recognition special (Meltzoff and Moore, 1977)?

A

expression analysis seems to be innate - though we already accept that this is independent of recognition

35
Q

what does the Featural hypothesis suggest? (Garner, 1978).

A

faces primarily remembered due to facial features

36
Q

what does the configurational hypothesis suggest (Bartlett & Searcy, 1993; Diamond & Carey, 1986)?

A

places emphasis on the relationship amongst facial features

Cognitive and biological psychology (7 decks)

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