coding, capacity, duration key studies

Question 1

what did baddeley research

Answer 1

coding in stm and ltm

Question 2

what was the procedure for baddeley’s experiment

Answer 2

• four groups were given different lists to remember acoustically/semantically similar/dissimilar
• they were asked to recall the words in the correct order (some asked immediately: stm and some asked after 20 mins: ltm)

Question 3

what were baddeleys findings

Answer 3

acoustically similar words were remembered worst for stm
semantically dissimilar for ltm

Question 4

what does baddeleys research suggest overall

Answer 4

it suggests that information is coded acoustically in stm and semantically in ltm

Question 5

what is a limitation of baddeleys study

Answer 5

it used quite artificial stimuli rather than meaningful material

Question 6

what did jacobs research

Answer 6

the capacity of stm

Question 7

what was the procedure for jacobs research

Answer 7

• developed the digit span technique
• gives four digits or letters then is asked to recall in correct order
• if correct he adds on another digit until recalled incorrectly to determine the individuals digit span

Question 8

what were jacobs findings

Answer 8

mean span for digits was 9.3
mean span for letters was 7.3

Question 9

what is a limitation of jacobs research

Answer 9

it was conducted a long time ago may lack control of extraneous variables

Question 10

what did miller research

Answer 10

the capacity of stm

Question 11

what was millers procedure

Answer 11

• made observations of everyday practice e.g. he noted that things come in sevens such as 7 days in a week

Question 12

what were millers findings

Answer 12

• suggested that the capacity of stm is 7 items plus or minus two
• chunking is used to increase capacity which is grouping sets of digits or letters into meaningful units or chunks

Question 13

what is a limitation of millers study

Answer 13

he may have overestimated the capacity of stm
- cowan reviewed other research and found that the cap of stm was about four chunks

Question 14

what did peterson and peterson study

Answer 14

the duration of stm

Question 15

what was p&p’s procedure

Answer 15

• 24 uni students were given triagrams and a 3 digit number to remember
• the student was then asked to count backward from that that number until told to stop
• this counting backwards was to prevent any mental rehearsal of the triagrams
• on each trial they were told to stop after a different amount of time 3,6,9,12,15,18

Question 16

what were p&p’s findings

Answer 16

• after 3secs recall was about 80% accurate
• this suggests that stm has a duration of less than 18secs if maintenance rehearsal is prevented

Question 17

what is a limitation of p&p’s study

Answer 17

the stimulus material was artificial and didnt refelct real life memory activities so lacked ecological validity

Question 18

what did bahrick research

Answer 18

the duration of ltm

Question 19

what was the procedure for bahricks reasearch

Answer 19

showed 392 american grads photos from their high school year book and for each photo they had to allocate a name to photo that matched, selected from a group

Question 20

what were bahricks findings

Answer 20

that ltm has a lifetime duration (at least 47 years) and is semantically encoded

Question 21

what did bahricks findings suggest

Answer 21

• people could remember certain types of info e.g. names or faces for almost a lifetime
• ltm has a lifetime duration (at least 47 years

Question 22

what are some evaluations of bahricks study

Answer 22

• strength is that it has a high ecological validity
• limitation is that it lacks population validity as it only considers one group of american grads